Fixation of the Posterior Malleolus in Trimalleolar AO Weber C Fractures.

• Conditions: Trimalleolar Fracture; AO Weber C Fractures; Syndesmotic Stability; Open Reduction and Internal Fixation
• Interventions: Device: Fixation; Device: NO Fixation

• Registration Number: NCT02599285
• Lead Sponsor: Medical Center Haaglanden

Brief Summary

In AO Weber type C fractures, there is a combination of a proximal fibular fracture, a medial fracture or ruptured deltoid ligament, and a syndesmotic injury. Anatomical repair and reduction of the syndesmosis is essential to prevent diastasis in the ankle-joint. Widening and chronical instability of the syndesmosis is related to worse functional outcome and development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis in the ankle. There is limited biomechanical and clinical evidence that syndesmotic stability in AO Weber type C fractures with an additional posterior malleolar fracture can also be reached by fixation of the posterior malleolar fragment. Maybe, this is even superior to the usual treatment with syndesmotic positioning screws. Some authors concluded that stability of the syndesmosis in these fractures can be much more achieved by fixation of the posterior malleolar fragment than by placement of syndesmotic positioning screws alone. Another additional benefit of open reduction and fixation of the posterior malleolar fragment is that this will lead to an anatomical reconstruction of the syndesmosis. Although there is no current evidence, it is likely that a malreduction of the fibula in the tibial incisura will lead to a worse functional outcome on the long-term. No clear consensus in the literature is found as to which fragment size of the posterior malleolus should be internally fixed. The general opinion is that displaced fragments that involve more than 25% of the distal articular tibia should be fixed. Traditionally, reduction of these larger fragments is indirectly, followed by percutaneous screw fixation in anterior-posterior direction. Disadvantages are that it is hard to achieve an anatomical reduction, and that percutaneous fixation of smaller fragments is very difficult. Recently, a direct exposure of the posterior tibia via a posterolateral approach in prone position, followed by open reduction and fixation with screws in posterior-anterior direction or antiglide plate is advocated by several authors. This approach allows perfect visualization of the fracture, articular anatomical reduction, and strong fixation. Another advantage is that even small posterior fragments can be addressed. Several case series are published, which describe minimal major wound complications, good functional outcomes, and minimal need for reoperation.

Detailed Description

Not available

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2015-11
• Study First Submitted: 2015-11-03
• Study First Submitted QC: 2015-11-05
• Study First Posted: 2015-11-06
• Status Verified: 2016-09
• Last Update Submitted: 2016-09-12
• Last Update Posted: 2016-09-13
• Primary Completion: 2022-12

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: UNKNOWN
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 54

Inclusion Criteria

1. Age between 18 and 70 years
2. First ankle fracture of the affected side
3. Isolated, fibular fracture proximal to the syndesmosis with a posterior malleolar fragment between 5 and 25% of the involved articular surface(AO type 44-C1, 44-C2, 44-C3).

Exclusion Criteria

1. Multiple injuries
2. Ankle fracture of the same ankle in the history
3. Patients with pre-existent mobility problems
4. Pre-existent disability like wheelchair or walking aid dependency.
5. Patients living in another region of whom follow-up will take place in another hospital
6. Insufficient understanding of the Dutch language

Study & Design

• Study Type: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Design: Not specified

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Fixation	Fixation	Patients with a trimalleolar AO Weber C fracture with open reduction and fixation of the posterior malleolar fragment.
No Fixation	NO Fixation	Patients with a trimalleolar AO Weber C fracture without open reduction and fixation of the posterior malleolar fragment.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Accuracy of syndesmotic reduction 1cm above the tibial plafond, measured on post-operative CT-scan in millimeters compared to the contralateral (healthy) side.	1 year
Functional outcome measured by AAOS score (special questionnaire for hindfoot and ankle in 27 questions.)	1 Year

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Posttraumatic osteoarthritis defined by the Kellgren-Lawrence score (1-4)	5 Years

Trial Locations

Locations (4)

Haga ziekenhuis; 🇳🇱 The Hague, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands

MCHaaglanden; 🇳🇱 The Hague, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands

Leiden University Medical Center; 🇳🇱 Leiden, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands

Bronovo Ziekenhuis; 🇳🇱 The Hague, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands