IMplementation of an RCT to imProve Treatment With Oral AntiCoagulanTs in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: Stroke
Atrial Fibrillation

Interventions: Behavioral: Early Patient-Level and Provider-Level Educational Intervention
Behavioral: Delayed Provider-Level Educational Intervention

Registration Number: NCT03259373

Lead Sponsor: Harvard Pilgrim Health Care

Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to use a decentralized claims database to determine whether education on stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) among AF patients and their providers can result in increased use of oral anticoagulants (OAC) for stroke prevention among those AF patients with guideline-based indications for oral anticoagulation (CHA₂DS₂-VASc score of 2 or greater). Specifically, the investigators will conduct a prospective, randomized, open-label education intervention trial to evaluate the effect of the early patient and provider education interventions on the proportion of patients with evidence of at least one OAC prescription fill (defined as one OAC dispensing or 4 international normalized ratio \[INR tests\] over the course of the follow-up through the date on which at least 80% of eligible study participants have at least 12 months of follow-up time). A total of approximately 80,000 patients will be enrolled within multiple major health plans across the United States. The randomization will be performed by the central coordinating center, and the health plans will mail the educational intervention materials to their members and providers.

Detailed Description: The study is a prospective, randomized, and open-label education intervention trial. Patients with AF and a CHA₂DS₂-VASc score of 2 or greater will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to an intervention cohort and a control cohort within each participating health plan. The definition for OAC medication fill will be an OAC medication dispensing or at least 4 INR tests in the claims data. The claims records of the patients randomized to the intervention cohort will then be linked to "fresh" (i.e. about 1 month old) pharmacy claims data at the time of randomization. Patients without evidence of an OAC medication fill during the 12 months prior to randomization will be included in the patient-level and provider-level early educational intervention. In addition to usual care, these patients and their providers, where an individual provider may be identified, will receive a one-time mailing at trial start. Patients randomized to this early intervention with evidence of an OAC medication fill during the 12 months prior to randomization will be excluded from the trial.

The control cohort will receive usual care over the initial study period. After the date on which at least 80% of eligible study participants have at least 12 months of follow-up time, "fresh" pharmacy claims data for the control intervention cohort that was generated and locked at the time of randomization will be used to assess trial eligibility, and those patients without evidence of an OAC medication fill during the 12 months prior to randomization will be included in the primary and secondary analyses as the control arm. Patients randomized to the control arm with evidence of an OAC medication fill during the 12 months prior to randomization will be excluded from the trial and will not be included in analyses. The baseline characteristics of the control patients will be examined at the same time point as the intervention patients, meaning at the time of randomization. The primary outcome is a comparison of the proportion of patients not on OAC during the 12 months prior to randomization, who were started on OAC over the course of the follow-up through the date on which at least 80% of eligible study participants have at least 12 months of follow-up time in the early versus the delayed intervention arm. A total of approximately 80,000 patients (randomized 1:1) across all participating data partners (Aetna, Harvard Pilgrim, Humana, and Optum) will be enrolled from participating data partners across the United States. The follow-up time for the primary outcome will be 12 months from the date at which at least 80% of eligible study participates are enrolled (date on which early intervention materials are mailed).

The providers of patients in the control cohort who did not receive OAC medication during the course of the 12-month study period and meet the inclusion criteria will receive the delayed intervention: the provider-only education intervention, a one-time mailing administered 12 months after at least 80% of early intervention mailings have occurred (patients will not receive any educational materials). The investigators intend to assess the primary and secondary endpoints again 24 months after at least 80% of early intervention mailings have occurred to assess the durability and longer-term outcomes of the effect of the patient- and provider-level education intervention, as well as the use of OAC following the delayed provider-level education intervention. However, as this second assessment is exploratory, investigators may not conduct these analyses if the results of the primary outcome are consistently null.

Because the Sentinel Distributed Database will be used for follow-up information, and this information is refreshed approximately quarterly and this is done on separate timetables for the different health plans, it is likely that when at least the required follow-up time is available for at least 80% of people, there will be more than 12 or 24 months of followup for over 80% of people. All participants' outcomes will be assessed using all possible person-time; patients will have different duration of follow-up.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 64666

Inclusion Criteria

Two or more diagnoses of AF (ICD-9 and/or 10 codes) at least one day apart and with at least one diagnosis within the last 12 months prior to the last date in the current approved data used for cohort identification
CHA₂DS₂-VASc score of 2 or greater
Medical and pharmacy insurance coverage of at least the prior year as identified via administrative claims databases of one of the participating data partners as of the date of randomization
Age 30 years or greater as of the last date in the current approved data used for cohort identification

Exclusion Criteria

Evidence of OAC medication fill during the 12 months prior to randomization (determined at randomization for the early intervention cohort and 12 months post-randomization for the delayed intervention cohort)
Conditions other than AF that require anticoagulation, including treatment of deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or ever having had a mechanical prosthetic heart valve prior to the last date in the current approved data used for cohort identification
Pregnancy within 6 months of the last date in the current approved data used for cohort identification
Any known history of intracranial hemorrhage prior to the last date in the current approved data used for cohort identification
Hospitalization for bleeding within the last 6 months of the last date in the current approved data used for cohort identification
Patients with recent P2Y12 antagonist use (i.e. clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticlopidine, or ticagrelor within 90 days of the last date in the current approved data used for cohort identification

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Intervention	Early Patient-Level and Provider-Level Educational Intervention	Educational mailing to (1) AF patients with guideline-based indications for oral anticoagulation (CHA₂DS₂-VASc score of 2 or greater) who appear to not have received OAC treatment at time of randomization and (2) their providers, where an individual provider may be identified
Control	Delayed Provider-Level Educational Intervention	Educational mailing to providers of AF patients with guideline-based indications for oral anticoagulation (CHA₂DS₂-VASc score of 2 or greater) who appear to not have received OAC treatment in the time following randomization. These patients will have received 'usual care' for the time between randomization and delayed educational mailing.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Proportion of Patients With Evidence of at Least One OAC Dispensing (Prescription Fill) (Defined as One OAC Dispensing or 4 INR (International Normalized Ratio) Tests)	Outcome assessed at 42 days, 90 days, 183 days, and one year of follow-up time.	Evaluate the effect of the patient and provider education interventions (versus usual care with delayed provider education intervention) on the proportion of patients with evidence of at least one OAC prescription fill (defined as one OAC dispensing or 4 INR tests) over the course of the 12 months of follow-up.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Rates of Hospitalization for Hemorrhagic Stroke	Outcome assessed at one year of follow-up time.	Evaluate the impact of the patient and provider education interventions on rates of hospitalization for hemorrhagic stroke
Rates of Hospitalization for Ischemic or Hemorrhagic Stroke	Outcome assessed at one year of follow-up time.	Evaluate the impact of the patient and provider education interventions on rates of hospitalization for ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke
Rates of Hospitalization for Ischemic or Unknown Stroke	Outcome assessed at one year of follow-up time.	Evaluate the impact of the patient and provider education interventions on rates of ischemic / unknown stroke hospitalization
Rates of Hospitalization for Ischemic or Hemorrhagic Stroke or Systemic Embolism or Bleeding	Outcome assessed at one year of follow-up time.	Evaluate the impact of the patient and provider education interventions on rates of hospitalization for ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke or systemic embolism or bleeding
Proportion of Patients Dispensed an OAC Within One Year	Outcome assessed at one year of follow-up time.	Evaluate the impact of the patient and provider education interventions on time to first OAC dispensing (prescription fill)
Number of Days Covered by OAC Dispensing	Outcome assessed at one year of follow-up time.	Evaluate the impact of the patient and provider education interventions on proportion of days covered by OAC dispensings (prescription fills)
Proportion of Patients on Oral Anticoagulation	Outcome assessed at one year of follow-up time.	Evaluate the impact of the patient and provider education interventions on proportion of patients on oral anticoagulation at 12 months of follow-up
Rates of Hospitalization for Ischemic or Hemorrhagic Stroke or Systemic Embolism	Outcome assessed at one year of follow-up time.	Evaluate the impact of the patient and provider education interventions on rates of hospitalization for ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke or systemic embolism
Rates of Hospitalization for Bleeding	Outcome assessed at one year of follow-up time.	Evaluate the impact of the patient and provider education interventions on rates of hospitalization for any bleeding
All-cause In-hospital Mortality Rates	Outcome assessed at one year of follow-up time.	Evaluate the impact of the patient and provider education interventions on all-cause in-hospital mortality rates
Health Care Utilization for AF Patients	Outcome assessed at one year of follow-up time.	Evaluate the impact of the patient and provider education interventions on health care utilization for AF patients, which would be reported as counts of number of health care utilization events (outpatient visits, days hospitalized, number of emergency department visits, etc.)
Health Care Utilization for AF Patients, Days	Outcome assessed at one year of follow-up time.	Evaluate the impact of the patient and provider education interventions on health care utilization for AF patients, which would be reported as counts of number of health care utilization events (outpatient visits, days hospitalized, number of emergency department visits, etc.)

Trial Locations

Locations (4): Humana Healthcare Research, Inc.
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Louisville, Kentucky, United States
Harvard Pilgrim Health Care
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Quincy, Massachusetts, United States
OptumInsight, Inc
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Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
Aetna, Inc.
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Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, United States