Pepinemab in Treating Younger Patients With Recurrent, Relapsed, or Refractory Solid Tumors

Phase 1

Completed

Conditions: Refractory Osteosarcoma
Recurrent Malignant Solid Neoplasm
Recurrent Osteosarcoma
Refractory Malignant Solid Neoplasm

Interventions: Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis
Biological: Pepinemab
Other: Pharmacological Study

Registration Number: NCT03320330

Lead Sponsor: Children's Oncology Group

Brief Summary: This phase I/II trial studies the side effects and best dose of pepinemab and to see how well it works in treating younger patients with solid tumors that have come back after treatment, or do not respond to treatment. Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, such as pepinemab, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer, and may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread.

Detailed Description: PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To estimate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and/or recommended phase 2 dose of pepinemab (VX15/2503) administered as an intravenous infusion every 14 days to children with recurrent or refractory solid tumors. (Part A) II. To define and describe the toxicities of VX15/2503 administered on this schedule. (Parts A-B) III. To characterize the pharmacokinetics of VX15/2503 in children with recurrent or refractory cancer. (Parts A-B) IV. To preliminarily define the antitumor activity of VX15/2503 for the treatment of relapsed or refractory osteosarcoma. (Part B) V. To determine if VX15/2503 either improves the disease control rate at 4 months in patients with recurrent measurable osteosarcoma or produces an objective response rate in patients with relapsed or refractory osteosarcoma. (Part B)

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To assess the pharmacodynamics of VX15/2503 through VX15/2503 saturation of T-lymphocytes.

II. To assess the immunogenicity of VX15/2503 in pediatric patients with recurrent or refractory cancer.

EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:

I. To evaluate potential biomarkers of VX15/2503 sensitivity including SEMA4D, PlexinB1, and other markers of immune cell infiltration in archival tumor tissues.

OUTLINE: This is a phase I, dose-escalation study followed by a phase II study.

Patients receive pepinemab intravenously (IV) over 60 minutes on days 1 and 15. Treatment repeats every 28 days for 13 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up periodically.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 26

Inclusion Criteria

Part A: Patients with recurrent or refractory solid tumors are eligible, excluding central nervous system (CNS) tumors; patients must have had histologic verification of malignancy at original diagnosis or relapse
Part B: Patients with recurrent or refractory osteosarcoma are eligible; patients must have had histologic verification of malignancy at original diagnosis or relapse
Part A: Patients must have either measurable or evaluable disease
Part B: Patients must have measurable disease
Patient's current disease state must be one for which there is no known curative therapy or therapy proven to prolong survival with an acceptable quality of life
Karnofsky >= 50% for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky >= 50 for patients =< 16 years of age; patients who are unable to walk because of paralysis, but who are up in a wheelchair, will be considered ambulatory for the purpose of assessing the performance score
Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior anti-cancer therapy and must meet the following minimum duration from prior anti-cancer directed therapy prior to enrollment; if after the required timeframe, the numerical eligibility criteria are met, e.g. blood count criteria, the patient is considered to have recovered adequately
- Cytotoxic chemotherapy or other anti-cancer agents known to be myelosuppressive
  - >= 21 days after the last dose of cytotoxic or myelosuppressive chemotherapy (42 days if prior nitrosourea)
- Anti-cancer agents not known to be myelosuppressive (e.g. not associated with reduced platelet or absolute neutrophil count [ANC] counts): >= 7 days after the last dose of agent
- Antibodies: >= 21 days must have elapsed from infusion of last dose of antibody, and toxicity related to prior antibody therapy must be recovered to grade =< 1
- Corticosteroids: If used to modify immune adverse events related to prior therapy, >= 14 days must have elapsed since last dose of corticosteroid
- Hematopoietic growth factors: >= 14 days after the last dose of a long-acting growth factor (e.g. pegfilgrastim) or 7 days for short-acting growth factor; for agents that have known adverse events occurring beyond 7 days after administration, this period must be extended beyond the time during which adverse events are known to occur; the duration of this interval must be discussed with the study chair and the study-assigned research coordinator
- Interleukins, interferons and cytokines (other than hematopoietic growth factors): >= 21 days after the completion of interleukins, interferon or cytokines (other than hematopoietic growth factors)
- Stem cell Infusions (with or without total body irradiation [TBI]):
  - Allogeneic (non-autologous) bone marrow or stem cell transplant, or any stem cell infusion including donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) or boost infusion: >= 84 days after infusion and no evidence of graft versus host disease (GVHD)
  - Autologous stem cell infusion including boost infusion: >= 42 days
- Cellular Therapy: >= 42 days after the completion of any type of cellular therapy (e.g. modified T cells, natural killer [NK] cells, dendritic cells, etc.)
- Radiation Therapy (XRT)/External Beam Irradiation including Protons: >= 14 days after local XRT; >= 150 days after TBI, craniospinal XRT or if radiation to >= 50% of the pelvis; >= 42 days if other substantial bone marrow (BM) radiation
- Radiopharmaceutical therapy (e.g., radiolabeled antibody, 131I-MIBG): >= 42 days after systemically administered radiopharmaceutical therapy
Patients must not have received prior exposure to VX15/2503
Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1000/mm^3
Platelet count >= 100,000/mm^3 (transfusion independent, defined as not receiving platelet transfusions for at least 7 days prior to enrollment)
Hemoglobin >= 8.0 g/dL at baseline (may receive red blood cell [RBC] transfusions)
Patients with known bone marrow metastatic disease will be eligible for study provided they meet the blood counts above (may receive transfusions provided they are not known to be refractory to red cell or platelet transfusions); these patients will not be evaluable for hematologic toxicity; at least 5 of every cohort of 6 patients must be evaluable for hematologic toxicity for the dose-escalation part of the study; if dose-limiting hematologic toxicity is observed, all subsequent patients enrolled must be evaluable for hematologic toxicity
Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 70 ml/min/1.73 m^2 or
A serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows:
- Age: 1 to < 2 years; Male: 0.6 mg/dL; Female: 0.6 mg/dL
- Age: 2 to < 6 years; Male: 0.8 mg/dL; Female: 0.8 mg/dL
- Age: 6 to < 10 years; Male: 1 mg/dL; Female: 1 mg/dL
- Age: 10 to < 13 years; Male: 1.2 mg/dL; Female: 1.2 mg/dL
- Age: 13 to < 16 years; Male: 1.5 mg/dL; Female: 1.4 mg/dL
- Age: >= 16 years; Male: 1.7 mg/dL; Female: 1.4 mg/dL
Bilirubin (sum of conjugated + unconjugated) =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) =< 135 U/L; for the purpose of this study, the ULN for ALT is 45 U/L
Serum albumin >= 2 g/dL
No clinical indications such as evidence of dyspnea at rest, or exercise intolerance due to pulmonary insufficiency
If clinical indications, pulse oximetry > 94% on room air
All patients and/or their parents or legally authorized representatives must sign a written informed consent; assent, when appropriate, will be obtained according to institutional guidelines
Tissue blocks or slides must be sent; if tissue blocks or slides are unavailable, the study chair must be notified prior to enrollment

Exclusion Criteria

Pregnant or breast-feeding women will not be entered on this study; pregnancy tests must be obtained in girls who are post-menarchal; males or females of reproductive potential may not participate unless they have agreed to use two effective methods of birth control, including a medically accepted barrier or contraceptive method (e.g., male or female condom) for the duration of the study; abstinence is an acceptable method of birth control
Patients receiving systemic corticosteroids who have not been on a stable or decreasing dose of corticosteroid for at least 7 days prior to enrollment are not eligible; if used to modify immune adverse events related to prior therapy, >= 14 days must have elapsed since last dose of systemic corticosteroid; Note: patients who are using topical or inhaled corticosteroids are eligible
Patients who are currently receiving another investigational drug are not eligible
Patients who are currently receiving other anti-cancer agents are not eligible (except leukemia patients receiving hydroxyurea, which may be continued until 24 hours prior to start of protocol therapy)
Patients who are receiving cyclosporine, tacrolimus or other agents to prevent graft-versus-host disease post bone marrow transplant are not eligible for this trial
Patients who have an uncontrolled infection are not eligible
Patients who have received a prior solid organ transplantation are not eligible
Patients who in the opinion of the investigator may not be able to comply with the safety monitoring requirements of the study are not eligible

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: SINGLE_GROUP

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Treatment (pepinemab)	Pepinemab	Patients receive pepinemab IV over 60 minutes on days 1 and 15. Treatment repeats every 28 days for 13 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Treatment (pepinemab)	Laboratory Biomarker Analysis	Patients receive pepinemab IV over 60 minutes on days 1 and 15. Treatment repeats every 28 days for 13 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Treatment (pepinemab)	Pharmacological Study	Patients receive pepinemab IV over 60 minutes on days 1 and 15. Treatment repeats every 28 days for 13 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Half-life	Prior to, at the end of, and 2 hours after infusion on day 1 of cycles 1-2; days 4 & 8 of cycle 1; prior to and the end of infusion on day 15 of cycle 1; prior to start of infusion on day 15 of cycle 2; prior to start of infusion on day 1 of cycles 3+	Mean and standard deviation for the time required for the serum concentration to fall to 50% of its starting dose by dose level and study part.
Maximum Concentration (C Max)	Prior to, at the end of, and 2 hours after infusion on day 1 of cycles 1-2; days 4 & 8 of cycle 1; prior to and the end of infusion on day 15 of cycle 1; prior to start of infusion on day 15 of cycle 2; prior to start of infusion on day 1 of cycles 3+	Mean and standard deviation for the maximum (peak) serum concentration by dose level and study part.
Area Under Curve (AUC)	Prior to, at the end of, and 2 hours after infusion on day 1 of cycles 1-2; days 4 & 8 of cycle 1; prior to and the end of infusion on day 15 of cycle 1; prior to start of infusion on day 15 of cycle 2; prior to start of infusion on day 1 of cycles 3+	Mean and standard deviation for the area under the drug concentration over time curve by dose level and study part.
Number of Participants With Dose Limiting Toxicities	Up to 28 days	Frequency (%) of patients with dose limiting toxicities by dose level and study part.
Patients Who Had Grade 3 or Above Toxicities With the Three Attributions, 'DEFINITE', 'POSSIBLE','PROBABLE'	Up to 28 days	Frequency of patients experiencing at least grade 3 toxicity according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0 by dose level and study part.
Time to Maximum Concentration (T Max)	Prior to, at the end of, and 2 hours after infusion on day 1 of cycles 1-2; days 4 & 8 of cycle 1; prior to and the end of infusion on day 15 of cycle 1; prior to start of infusion on day 15 of cycle 2; prior to start of infusion on day 1 of cycles 3+	Mean and standard deviation for the time at which the maximum (peak) serum concentration occurs by dose level and study part.
Clearance	Prior to, at the end of, and 2 hours after infusion on day 1 of cycles 1-2; days 4 & 8 of cycle 1; prior to and the end of infusion on day 15 of cycle 1; prior to start of infusion on day 15 of cycle 2; prior to start of infusion on day 1 of cycles 3+	Mean and standard deviation for the rate of elimination of the drug by dose level and study part.
Disease Control Rate (Part A)	Up to 4 months	Per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.1) for target lesions and assessed by MRI: Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR), \>=30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions; Stable Disease (SD), no new lesions detected and \<20% increase in sum of smallest diameters of lesions; Disease Control Rate = CR + PR + SD
Response (Complete Response or Partial Response) (Part B)	Up to 168 days	Per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.1) for target lesions and assessed by MRI: Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR), \>=30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions; Stable Disease (SD), no new lesions detected and \<20% increase in sum of smallest diameters of lesions; Disease Control Rate = CR + PR + SD

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Total Soluble SEMA4D	Up to 28 days	Mean and standard deviation of blood and serum samples evaluated for total soluble SEMA4D through a qualified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay.
T-lymphocyte Saturation	Up to 28 days	Mean and standard deviation for blood samples that will be evaluated for T-lymphocyte saturation by VX15/2503 utilizing a validated flow-cytometry based assay on cycle 1 day 28 (prior to cycle 2 day 1).
Immunogenicity of Pepinemab	Up to 3 years	Mean and standard deviation of immunogenicity assessed in serum through a qualified ELISA.

Trial Locations

Locations (24): Children's Hospital Los Angeles
🇺🇸
Los Angeles, California, United States
Baylor College of Medicine/Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center
🇺🇸
Houston, Texas, United States
Children's Hospital of Alabama
🇺🇸
Birmingham, Alabama, United States
Children's Hospital Colorado
🇺🇸
Aurora, Colorado, United States
UCSF Medical Center-Mission Bay
🇺🇸
San Francisco, California, United States
Children's Healthcare of Atlanta - Egleston
🇺🇸
Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Riley Hospital for Children
🇺🇸
Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
Lurie Children's Hospital-Chicago
🇺🇸
Chicago, Illinois, United States
Johns Hopkins University/Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center
🇺🇸
Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
🇺🇸
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
University of Minnesota/Masonic Cancer Center
🇺🇸
Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
Washington University School of Medicine
🇺🇸
Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
🇺🇸
Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
🇺🇸
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
NYP/Columbia University Medical Center/Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center
🇺🇸
New York, New York, United States
Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
🇺🇸
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
Saint Jude Children's Research Hospital
🇺🇸
Memphis, Tennessee, United States
Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters
🇺🇸
Norfolk, Virginia, United States
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
🇺🇸
San Antonio, Texas, United States
Seattle Children's Hospital
🇺🇸
Seattle, Washington, United States
C S Mott Children's Hospital
🇺🇸
Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
Children's Hospital of Orange County
🇺🇸
Orange, California, United States
Yale University
🇺🇸
New Haven, Connecticut, United States
Children's National Medical Center
🇺🇸
Washington, District of Columbia, United States