The Effect of Daily Screen Exposure Duration on Preoperative Anxiety in Children Aged 2-5 Years: A Prospective Observational Study
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 招募中
- 入组人数
- 275
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Preoperative Anxiety Level Assessed by mYPAS Total Score
研究概览
简要总结
This prospective observational study aims to evaluate whether daily screen exposure duration is associated with preoperative anxiety levels in children aged 2-5 years undergoing elective surgery.
Screen exposure in early childhood has been associated with emotional and behavioral outcomes, including increased anxiety. However, its potential impact on anxiety in acute stress situations such as surgery has not been previously investigated. Preoperative anxiety in children is associated with difficult anesthetic induction, increased postoperative agitation, prolonged recovery, and behavioral disturbances.
In this study, parents will complete a structured questionnaire assessing their child's daily screen exposure duration and related factors. Children will be categorized into three groups according to reported daily screen time: less than 1 hour per day, 1-2 hours per day, and more than 2 hours per day.
Preoperative anxiety will be assessed immediately before anesthesia induction using the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS), a validated observational tool for measuring anxiety in young children.
No additional medical interventions will be performed beyond routine clinical care. The study seeks to determine whether higher screen exposure is associated with increased preoperative anxiety levels and to identify potential risk factors contributing to anxiety in preschool children undergoing surgery.
详细描述
Preoperative anxiety is a common and clinically significant problem in preschool-aged children undergoing elective surgery. Elevated anxiety levels before anesthesia induction have been associated with difficult induction, increased postoperative emergence agitation, prolonged recovery time, and long-term behavioral disturbances.
Early childhood is a critical developmental period characterized by ongoing emotional regulation maturation and increased sensitivity to environmental factors. In recent years, daily exposure to digital screens (television, tablets, smartphones) has increased substantially among children aged 2-5 years. Previous literature has linked excessive screen time with emotional dysregulation, anxiety symptoms, and behavioral problems. However, no clinical studies have investigated the relationship between daily screen exposure and preoperative anxiety in young children.
This study aims to address this gap in the literature.
Study Objective
The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of daily screen exposure duration on preoperative anxiety levels in children aged 2-5 years undergoing elective surgery.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Cohort
- 时间视角
- Prospective
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 2 Years 至 5 Years（Child）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Children aged 2 to 5 years
- •Scheduled for elective surgical procedures under general anesthesia
- •American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-III
- •Parent or legal guardian able to provide written informed consent
- •Parent able to complete the structured questionnaire in Turkish
排除标准
- •Premedication administered or planned prior to anxiety assessment
- •Emergency surgical procedures
- •Known developmental delay or neurodevelopmental disorder
- •Known psychiatric disorder
- •Visual or hearing impairment that may interfere with behavioral assessment
- •Chronic use of sedative, antipsychotic, or antiepileptic medications
- •Anticipated need for postoperative intensive care
- •Incomplete or unreliable questionnaire data
- •Inability to perform mYPAS assessment prior to anesthesia induction
研究组 & 干预措施
Moderate Screen Exposure
Children aged 2-5 years with daily screen exposure between 1 and 2 hours per day.
High Screen Exposure
Children aged 2-5 years with daily screen exposure greater than 2 hours per day.
Low Screen Exposure
Children aged 2-5 years with daily screen exposure less than 1 hour per day, as reported by parents through a structured questionnaire.
结局指标
主要结局
Preoperative Anxiety Level Assessed by mYPAS Total Score
时间窗: Immediately before anesthesia induction
Preoperative anxiety will be measured using the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS), a validated observational tool for children aged 2-12 years. The total score ranges from 23.3 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety. The primary analysis will compare mYPAS total scores among three daily screen exposure groups (\<1 hour/day, 1-2 hours/day, \>2 hours/day).
次要结局
- Association Between Screen Content Type and Preoperative Anxiety (mYPAS)(Immediately before anesthesia induction (Day of surgery))
- Association Between Parental Monitoring of Screen Content and Preoperative Anxiety (mYPAS)(Immediately before anesthesia induction (Day of surgery))
- Association Between Passive Screen Exposure and Preoperative Anxiety (mYPAS)(Immediately before anesthesia induction)
- Association Between Reasons for Providing Screen and Preoperative Anxiety (mYPAS)(Immediately before anesthesia induction)
- Association Between Parental Screen Use and Preoperative Anxiety (mYPAS)(Immediately before anesthesia induction)
- Association Between Parental Phone Use During Parent-Child Interaction and Preoperative Anxiety (mYPAS)(Immediately before anesthesia induction)
研究者
Engin Ihsan Turan
principal investigator
Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital