The Effect of Different Ketone Supplements on Blood Beta-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) and Blood Glucose in Healthy Individuals
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Enrollment
- 12
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Blood Beta-hydroxybutyrate
Study Overview
Brief Summary
Ketone bodies are a fuel source and signaling molecule that are produced by your body during prolonged fasting or if you consistently eat at low-carbohydrate diet. Blood ketones can be used as a source of energy during fasting and are used by your brain as an alternative source of fuel to glucose. Previous studies have found that ketones, when consumed in form of a supplement drink, can increase blood ketone levels and lower blood glucose, the amount of sugar in your blood. This is of potential interest for individuals with high blood sugar, such as people living with type 2 diabetes. However, there are different types of ketone supplements that differ in how they are metabolized in the body. Little is known about how these supplements affect blood ketone and blood glucose levels. The main objective of this study is to determine the effect of three different ketone supplements on blood ketones and blood glucose. The results of this pilot study will be used to guide future research for larger and more extensive studies on ketone supplements.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Crossover
- Primary Purpose
- Other
- Masking
- Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 18 Years to — (Adult, Older Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •over the age of 18;
- •able to fast overnight
Exclusion Criteria
- •being a competitive endurance athlete;
- •following a ketogenic diet, low-calorie diet, periodic fasting regimen, or regularly consuming ketogenic supplements;
- •being unable to travel to and from the university;
- •being unable to follow the diet instructions;
- •being pregnant or planning to become pregnant during the study;
- •having been diagnosed with a chronic disorder of glucose or fat metabolism, including type 2 diabetes, chronic pancreatitis, or gallbladder disease;
- •being unable to read or communicate in English
Arms & Interventions
(R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate ketone monoester
1 x 20 mL
Intervention: (R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate ketone monoester (Dietary Supplement)
Beta-hydroxybutyric acid
1 x 237 mL
Intervention: Beta-hydroxybutyric acid (Dietary Supplement)
1,3-Butanediol
1 x 35 mL
Intervention: 1,3-Butanediol (Dietary Supplement)
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Blood Beta-hydroxybutyrate
Time Frame: 240 minutes (assessed at baseline and 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 minutes post-supplementation)
Are under the curve (AUC) across 240 minutes after supplement consumption (assessed at baseline and 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 post-supplementation)
Secondary Outcomes
- Blood Pressure(240 minutes (assessed at baseline and 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 minutes post-supplementation))
- Supplement Acceptability & Taste(240 minutes post-supplementation)
- Hunger & Fullness(240 minutes post-supplementation)
- Gastrointestinal Discomfort(60 minutes post-supplementation)
- Blood Glucose(240 minutes (assessed at baseline and 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 minutes post-supplementation))
- Heart Rate(240 minutes (assessed at baseline and 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 minutes post-supplementation))
Investigators
Jonathan Little
Dr. Jonathan Little, Associate Professor
University of British Columbia