Preventing Violence Against Children in Schools: Protocol for a Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial of the EmpaTeach Behavioural Intervention in Nyarugusu Refugee Camp
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 入组人数
- 2,120
- 主要终点
- physical violence
研究概览
简要总结
To date, no interventions to prevent violence in refugee camp schools have ever been rigorously evaluated. The primary objective of this project is to test the effectiveness of the Empateach intervention to prevent physical violence from teachers to students in Nyarugusu Refugee Camp, Tanzania. Secondary objectives are to assess the impact of the Empateach intervention on student's depressive symptoms, experience of emotional violence and educational test scores. A two arm cluster RCT with parallel assignment will be conducted.
详细描述
School is one of the most common settings where children may experience violence; and emerging evidence suggests that in some settings, school staff may be one of the most common perpetrator of violence against children.To date, no interventions to prevent violence in refugee camp schools have ever been rigorously evaluated. The primary objective of this project is to test the effectiveness of the Empateach intervention to prevent physical violence from teachers to students in Nyarugusu Refugee Camp, Tanzania. Secondary objectives are to assess the impact of the Empateach intervention on student's depressive symptoms, experience of emotional violence and educational test scores.
The aim of the Empateach intervention is to improve 'student and teacher well-being; self-regulation; teacher classroom management and teacher's use of positive discipline techniques'. Participants in the intervention condition will receive a 10-week group intervention.
A two arm cluster RCT will be conducted, with parallel assignment and an approximately 1:1 allocation ratio. Cross-sectional surveys of students will be conducted at three time points: a baseline, a midline immediately after the 10 week intervention; and an endline 6 months after then end of the intervention. The primary outcome, violence from school staff to students, will be measured using an adapted version of the ICAST-CI.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Prevention
- 盲法
- None
盲法说明
Due to the behavioural nature of the intervention, it is not possible to mask allocation to participants. Outcome assessors will not be told of allocation, but due to the nature of the intervention they should be assumed to be unmasked. The statistician performing the main trial analyses related to primary and secondary outcomes will be masked to allocation, but other investigators will not.
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 9 Years 至 —（Child, Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •At the school level, all 27 primary and secondary schools in Nyarugusu refugee camp in Tanzania, will be eligible. The intervention is delivered to individual teachers, and all teachers working in included schools will be eligible to receive the intervention. The hypothesized intervention effect will be in all students being taught by participating teachers; however we will measure effects of the intervention in students who are aged 9 years and over. Data will be collected from both students and teachers.
- •At the level of individual students, all students who can speak Kirundi or Swahili, and who are capable of providing assent, will be eligible to participate
- •At the level of individual teachers, all teachers who can speak Kirundi or Swahili, and who are capable of providing informed consent, will be eligible to participate
排除标准
- •there are no exclusion criteria at the School level
- •for individual students, those who cannot speak Kirundi or Swahili, or who are not capable of providing assent
- •for individual teachers, those who cannot speak Kirundi or Swahili, or who are not capable of providing informed consent
研究组 & 干预措施
Empateach Intervention
All teachers in intervention schools will be invited to participate. Participants in the intervention condition will receive Empateach, a 10-week group intervention. Groups meet 14 times for 1-1.5 hour length sessions, which are led by peers. The aim of the Empateach intervention is to improve 'student and teacher well-being; self-regulation; teacher classroom management and teacher's use of positive discipline techniques. The intervention uses cognitive behavioural therapy techniques to change negative thought and behaviour patterns related to corporal punishment. The teachers receive information on alternatives to corporal punishment, planning exercises and reinforcement SMS, and because the intervention is in a group setting, social support to change their behaviours. They discuss their experiences and challenges in group sessions.
干预措施: Empateach (Behavioral)
Wait-list control
Teachers in wait-list control schools will receive no specific interventions related to violence prevention during the study, but will receive the intervention after the study is over if it is shown to be effective (pending donor funding).
结局指标
主要结局
physical violence
时间窗: Assessed at 10-week follow-up
students' self-reports of physical violence from school staff in the past week, as measured by a modified ICAST-CI
次要结局
- physical violence(Assessed at 6-month follow-up)
- emotional violence(past 1 week; assessed at 10-week and 6-month follow-up)
- depressive symptoms(past 2 weeks; assessed at 10-week and 6-month follow-up)
- educational performance(assessed at the end of the school year, about 11-12 months from baseline)