Ejection Fraction of Normal Gall Bladder on Ultrasonography in Patients With Biliary Colic: Is it a Predictor of Cholecystectomy?

The flow of bile through the biliary system is a complex process that depends on the hormonal environment, digestive phase, and functional response of the gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi to all of these factors. Biliary dyskinesia is a disorder of some component of biliary part of the digestive system in which bile cannot physically flow in the proper direction through the tubular biliary tract which causes biliary colic as defined by Rome IV criteria.

Functional causes of biliary pain, also referred to as biliary dyskinesia, are biliary hypokinesia , biliary hyperkinesia and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD). The exact pathology of functional biliary colic is still unknown. Reviewing Literature status, There is still some debate about the best method to establish the diagnosis gallbladder dyskinesia and hyperkinesia and whether or not ejection fraction is an accurate predictor of outcome. Which led to difficult.

Biliary dyskinesia is identified through gallbladder ejection fraction (GBEF), which is calculated as the flow of radioactive tracer that is ejected from the gallbladder. A GBEF of <35% is considered dyskinesia and a GBEF of <35% is considered hyperkinesia. Patients considered for CCK-HIDA (cholecystokinin hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid) are those presenting with functional biliary pain based on the Rome IV criteria. Those who present with atypical pain may not need as HIDA (hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid) as the presentation may be from other pathology.