Short-term Effects of Goat Milk Yogurt on Postprandial Glycemic Responses, Arterial Blood Pressure, Energy Intake and Satiety
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 62
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Capillary blood glucose
研究概览
简要总结
This study investigated any potential associations between two preloads offered as snacks and postprandial glycemic response, subjective appetite and energy intake in healthy, normal weight adults
详细描述
This study aimed at 1. firstly determine the glycemic index (GI) of a) goat milk yogurt b) goat milk yogurt with currants, c) currants and d) sultanina raisins, all containing 25 gr available carbohydrates and 2. test the hypothesis that a goat milk yogurt consumed as a snack before a meal, compared to milk with lactic acid would: a) have greater short-term effect on satiety measured by subsequent ad libitum meal intake, b) induce greater satiety as assessed by visual analogue scales (VAS) and c) reduce postprandial glycemic response.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Crossover
- 主要目的
- Other
- 盲法
- Single (Investigator)
盲法说明
Single (Investigator)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 50 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Healthy, non-smoking, non-diabetic men and women individuals with normal body mass index (BMI; between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2)
排除标准
- •Severe chronic disease (e.g. tumors, manifest coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, severe kidney or liver conditions, endocrine and immunological conditions)
- •Gastrointestinal disorders (e.g. chronic inflammatory bowel disease)
- •Lactose intolerance
- •Pregnancy
- •Competitive sports
- •Lactation
- •Drug dependency
研究组 & 干预措施
Glucose as reference food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Glucose as reference food (Other)
Glucose as reference food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Goat milk as test food (Other)
Glucose as reference food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Goat milk and currants as test food (Other)
Glucose as reference food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Currants as test food (Other)
Glucose as reference food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Sultanina raisins as test food (Other)
Glucose as reference food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Goat milk yogurt as preload (Other)
Glucose as reference food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Milk with lactic acid as preload (Other)
Goat milk as test food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Glucose as reference food (Other)
Goat milk as test food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Goat milk as test food (Other)
Goat milk as test food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Goat milk and currants as test food (Other)
Goat milk as test food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Currants as test food (Other)
Goat milk as test food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Sultanina raisins as test food (Other)
Goat milk as test food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Goat milk yogurt as preload (Other)
Goat milk as test food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Milk with lactic acid as preload (Other)
Goat milk and currants as test food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Glucose as reference food (Other)
Goat milk and currants as test food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Goat milk as test food (Other)
Goat milk and currants as test food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Goat milk and currants as test food (Other)
Goat milk and currants as test food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Currants as test food (Other)
Goat milk and currants as test food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Sultanina raisins as test food (Other)
Goat milk and currants as test food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Goat milk yogurt as preload (Other)
Goat milk and currants as test food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Milk with lactic acid as preload (Other)
Currants as test food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Glucose as reference food (Other)
Currants as test food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Goat milk as test food (Other)
Currants as test food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Goat milk and currants as test food (Other)
Currants as test food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Currants as test food (Other)
Currants as test food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Sultanina raisins as test food (Other)
Currants as test food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Goat milk yogurt as preload (Other)
Currants as test food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Milk with lactic acid as preload (Other)
Sultanina raisins as test food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Glucose as reference food (Other)
Sultanina raisins as test food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Goat milk as test food (Other)
Sultanina raisins as test food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Goat milk and currants as test food (Other)
Sultanina raisins as test food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Currants as test food (Other)
Sultanina raisins as test food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Sultanina raisins as test food (Other)
Sultanina raisins as test food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Goat milk yogurt as preload (Other)
Sultanina raisins as test food
Twelve healthy, normal-weight subjects (male: 4, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference foods along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from a) goat milk yogurt, b) goat milk yogurt and currants, c) currants, d) sultanina raisins, one time each, in different weeks along with 250ml water. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
干预措施: Milk with lactic acid as preload (Other)
Goat milk as preload
Forty-five healthy subjects (male: 12, female: 33) were offered a standardized breakfast and 2h after consumed one of the two preloads (goat milk yogurt and milk with lactic acid) served as snack in random order. Three hours after, subjects were given ad libitum access to a meal (lunch and dessert). Foods were weighed at the time of serving and any leftovers were weighed again after meal to determine the amount of food consumed. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were collected before and after foods. Subjective appetite ratings were collected using 100mm visual analogue scales (VAS).
干预措施: Glucose as reference food (Other)
Goat milk as preload
Forty-five healthy subjects (male: 12, female: 33) were offered a standardized breakfast and 2h after consumed one of the two preloads (goat milk yogurt and milk with lactic acid) served as snack in random order. Three hours after, subjects were given ad libitum access to a meal (lunch and dessert). Foods were weighed at the time of serving and any leftovers were weighed again after meal to determine the amount of food consumed. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were collected before and after foods. Subjective appetite ratings were collected using 100mm visual analogue scales (VAS).
干预措施: Goat milk as test food (Other)
Goat milk as preload
Forty-five healthy subjects (male: 12, female: 33) were offered a standardized breakfast and 2h after consumed one of the two preloads (goat milk yogurt and milk with lactic acid) served as snack in random order. Three hours after, subjects were given ad libitum access to a meal (lunch and dessert). Foods were weighed at the time of serving and any leftovers were weighed again after meal to determine the amount of food consumed. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were collected before and after foods. Subjective appetite ratings were collected using 100mm visual analogue scales (VAS).
干预措施: Goat milk and currants as test food (Other)
Goat milk as preload
Forty-five healthy subjects (male: 12, female: 33) were offered a standardized breakfast and 2h after consumed one of the two preloads (goat milk yogurt and milk with lactic acid) served as snack in random order. Three hours after, subjects were given ad libitum access to a meal (lunch and dessert). Foods were weighed at the time of serving and any leftovers were weighed again after meal to determine the amount of food consumed. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were collected before and after foods. Subjective appetite ratings were collected using 100mm visual analogue scales (VAS).
干预措施: Currants as test food (Other)
Goat milk as preload
Forty-five healthy subjects (male: 12, female: 33) were offered a standardized breakfast and 2h after consumed one of the two preloads (goat milk yogurt and milk with lactic acid) served as snack in random order. Three hours after, subjects were given ad libitum access to a meal (lunch and dessert). Foods were weighed at the time of serving and any leftovers were weighed again after meal to determine the amount of food consumed. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were collected before and after foods. Subjective appetite ratings were collected using 100mm visual analogue scales (VAS).
干预措施: Sultanina raisins as test food (Other)
Goat milk as preload
Forty-five healthy subjects (male: 12, female: 33) were offered a standardized breakfast and 2h after consumed one of the two preloads (goat milk yogurt and milk with lactic acid) served as snack in random order. Three hours after, subjects were given ad libitum access to a meal (lunch and dessert). Foods were weighed at the time of serving and any leftovers were weighed again after meal to determine the amount of food consumed. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were collected before and after foods. Subjective appetite ratings were collected using 100mm visual analogue scales (VAS).
干预措施: Goat milk yogurt as preload (Other)
Goat milk as preload
Forty-five healthy subjects (male: 12, female: 33) were offered a standardized breakfast and 2h after consumed one of the two preloads (goat milk yogurt and milk with lactic acid) served as snack in random order. Three hours after, subjects were given ad libitum access to a meal (lunch and dessert). Foods were weighed at the time of serving and any leftovers were weighed again after meal to determine the amount of food consumed. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were collected before and after foods. Subjective appetite ratings were collected using 100mm visual analogue scales (VAS).
干预措施: Milk with lactic acid as preload (Other)
Milk with lactic acid as preload
Forty-five healthy subjects (male: 12, female: 33) were offered a standardized breakfast and 2h after consumed one of the two preloads (goat milk yogurt and milk with lactic acid) served as snack in random order. Three hours after, subjects were given ad libitum access to a meal (lunch and dessert). Foods were weighed at the time of serving and any leftovers were weighed again after meal to determine the amount of food consumed. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were collected before and after foods. Subjective appetite ratings were collected using 100mm visual analogue scales (VAS).
干预措施: Glucose as reference food (Other)
Milk with lactic acid as preload
Forty-five healthy subjects (male: 12, female: 33) were offered a standardized breakfast and 2h after consumed one of the two preloads (goat milk yogurt and milk with lactic acid) served as snack in random order. Three hours after, subjects were given ad libitum access to a meal (lunch and dessert). Foods were weighed at the time of serving and any leftovers were weighed again after meal to determine the amount of food consumed. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were collected before and after foods. Subjective appetite ratings were collected using 100mm visual analogue scales (VAS).
干预措施: Goat milk as test food (Other)
Milk with lactic acid as preload
Forty-five healthy subjects (male: 12, female: 33) were offered a standardized breakfast and 2h after consumed one of the two preloads (goat milk yogurt and milk with lactic acid) served as snack in random order. Three hours after, subjects were given ad libitum access to a meal (lunch and dessert). Foods were weighed at the time of serving and any leftovers were weighed again after meal to determine the amount of food consumed. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were collected before and after foods. Subjective appetite ratings were collected using 100mm visual analogue scales (VAS).
干预措施: Goat milk and currants as test food (Other)
Milk with lactic acid as preload
Forty-five healthy subjects (male: 12, female: 33) were offered a standardized breakfast and 2h after consumed one of the two preloads (goat milk yogurt and milk with lactic acid) served as snack in random order. Three hours after, subjects were given ad libitum access to a meal (lunch and dessert). Foods were weighed at the time of serving and any leftovers were weighed again after meal to determine the amount of food consumed. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were collected before and after foods. Subjective appetite ratings were collected using 100mm visual analogue scales (VAS).
干预措施: Currants as test food (Other)
Milk with lactic acid as preload
Forty-five healthy subjects (male: 12, female: 33) were offered a standardized breakfast and 2h after consumed one of the two preloads (goat milk yogurt and milk with lactic acid) served as snack in random order. Three hours after, subjects were given ad libitum access to a meal (lunch and dessert). Foods were weighed at the time of serving and any leftovers were weighed again after meal to determine the amount of food consumed. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were collected before and after foods. Subjective appetite ratings were collected using 100mm visual analogue scales (VAS).
干预措施: Sultanina raisins as test food (Other)
Milk with lactic acid as preload
Forty-five healthy subjects (male: 12, female: 33) were offered a standardized breakfast and 2h after consumed one of the two preloads (goat milk yogurt and milk with lactic acid) served as snack in random order. Three hours after, subjects were given ad libitum access to a meal (lunch and dessert). Foods were weighed at the time of serving and any leftovers were weighed again after meal to determine the amount of food consumed. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were collected before and after foods. Subjective appetite ratings were collected using 100mm visual analogue scales (VAS).
干预措施: Goat milk yogurt as preload (Other)
Milk with lactic acid as preload
Forty-five healthy subjects (male: 12, female: 33) were offered a standardized breakfast and 2h after consumed one of the two preloads (goat milk yogurt and milk with lactic acid) served as snack in random order. Three hours after, subjects were given ad libitum access to a meal (lunch and dessert). Foods were weighed at the time of serving and any leftovers were weighed again after meal to determine the amount of food consumed. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were collected before and after foods. Subjective appetite ratings were collected using 100mm visual analogue scales (VAS).
干预措施: Milk with lactic acid as preload (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Capillary blood glucose
时间窗: 7 hours
Clinically useful change in serum glucose (mg/dL), defined as the restoration of glucose within normal limits during the 2hr glucose tolerance test and for a total of 5 hours
次要结局
- Energy intake after preload(6 hours)
- Arterial blood pressure(7 hours)
- Subjective appetite ratings(7 hours)
研究者
Aimilia Papakonstantinou
Assistant Professor in Nutrition and Metabolism
Agricultural University of Athens