The Effect of Menstrual Cycle on Exercise-induced Muscle Damage
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 15
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Changes in Creatine kinase (CK) activity
研究概览
简要总结
The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of the different menstrual cycle phases on the recovery from exercise-induced muscle injury in eumenorrheic women. For this purpose, in a cross-over, randomized study, at least 10 healthy eumenorrheic women aged 18-35 years will participate. In a random order, the participants will perform 45 min downhill (-15% slope) running on a treadmill at 70% HRmax followed by a maximal time-trial (95% HRmax) to exhaustion: i) during the follicular phase and ii) during the luteal phase. Before the exercise protocol, as well as at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h following exercise, complete blood count, delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), creatine kinase activity, countermovement jump, isometric, concentric and eccentric strength of knee extensors and knee flexors, will be assessed. In addition, lactic acid concentration will be assessed before and immediately following exercise, and DOMS will be assessed immediately after the end of exercise. Following a washout period of ≥28 days (depending on the length of the menstrual cycle), participants will repeat the exact same procedure for the remaining phase of the menstrual cycle.
详细描述
Research in the field of athletic training and rehabilitation, has traditionally focused on men, ignoring the physiological differences between sexes that may significantly affect athletic performance and recovery following exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). According to recent reviews of research in sports and exercise medicine, female representation is particularly limited, with only 4% - 13% of studies including women [1]. However, the number of females' participation in regular exercise and sports constantly increases, therefore it is imperative to define EIMD in women.
Except for being limited, most of the existing studies in women have been conducted during the early follicular phase of the cycle, when estrogen and progesterone levels are low, so that women's hormonal profile resembles that of men [2], in order to avoid any fluctuations [3]. However, this approach limits our understanding of the effects of the other phases of the cycle, such as the luteal phase, on performance and exercise-induced inflammation, and thus on women's ability to train and perform.
Although limited, some data suggest the influence of different phases of the menstrual cycle on both performance and exercise-induced muscle injury. For example, women's thermoregulatory levels are higher during the luteal phase of the cycle, which may affect their cardiovascular performance and endurance [4]. Similar data suggest that hormonal fluctuations may also affect recovery from EIMD [5]. Indicatively, the concentration of CK and IL-6 24 h and 72 h following 90 min of continuous running at 70% of VO2max was higher during the follicular phase [6].
Considering the above, research regarding the effect of the different phases of the menstrual cycle on performance and EIMD, it is crucial for the effective design of individualized training programs depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle, to improve performance and avoid injuries in women.
The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of the different menstrual cycle phases on the recovery from EIMD in eumenorrheic women.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Crossover
- 主要目的
- Screening
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 40 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- Female
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Physically active subjects (VO2max ≥35ml/kg/min)
- •Absence of musculoskeletal injury (≥6 months)
- •Abstinence from the use of ergogenic supplements (≥1 month)
- •Abstinence from anti-inflammatory drugs (≥1 month)
- •Abstinence from participating in exercise with eccentric content for at least 7 days before exercise
- •Abstinence from alcohol and energy drinks before exercise
排除标准
- •Recent history of musculoskeletal injury (<6 months)
- •Use of ergogenic performance supplements (<1 month)
- •Taking anti-inflammatory drugs (<1 month)
- •Participation in exercise with eccentric content in the previous 7 days before exercise
- •Consumption of alcohol and energy drinks before exercise
研究组 & 干预措施
Follicular phase
The participants will perform downhill running (-15% slope) on a treadmill at 70% of HRmax followed by running on a horizontal level (0% slope) at 95% HRmax until exhaustion, during the follicular phase
干预措施: Exercise during follicular phase (Other)
Luteal phase
The participants will perform downhill running (-15% slope) on a treadmill at 70% of HRmax followed by running on a horizontal level (0% slope) at 95% HRmax until exhaustion, during the luteal phase
干预措施: Exercise during luteal phase (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Changes in Creatine kinase (CK) activity
时间窗: At baseline (pre), post-, 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
CK activity will be measured in plasma using a Clinical Chemistry Analyzer with commercially available kits.
Changes in delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS)
时间窗: At baseline (pre), post-, 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-tria
DOMS of knee extensors, knee flexors, gluteal and gastrocnemius muscles of both lower extremities will be measured during palpation of the muscle belly and the distal region after performing three repetitions of a full squat.
Changes in blood lactate concentration
时间窗: At baseline (pre), 4 minutes post-exercise
Lactate concentration will be measured in capillary blood with a hand-portable analyzer
Changes in countermovement jump (CMJ) height
时间窗: At baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-exercise
CMJ height will be measured with an optical system. Participants will perform 3 maximal CMJ jumps and the best effort will be recorded
Changes in isokinetic strength of knee extensors (KE) and knee flexors (KF)
时间窗: At baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-exercise
Isometric, concentric and eccentric peak torque of the KE and KF of both limbs will be assessed on an isokinetic dynamometer
Changes in complete blood count (CBC)
时间窗: At baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-exercise
CBC (white blood cells, erythrocytes, platelets) will be measured in an hematological analyzer with commercially available reagents
次要结局
- Differences in Estradiol concentration between trials(At late-follicular and mid-luteal phase (according to each participant's menstrual cycle length), before exercise)
- Differences in Progesterone concentration between trials(At late-follicular and mid-luteal phase (according to each participant's menstrual cycle length), before exercise)
- Body weight(At late-follicular and mid-luteal phase (according to each participant's menstrual cycle length), before exercise)
- Body height(At late-follicular and mid-luteal phase (according to each participant's menstrual cycle length), before exercise)
- Body mass index (BMI)(At late-follicular and mid-luteal phase (according to each participant's menstrual cycle length), before exercise)
- Body fat(At late-follicular and mid-luteal phase (according to each participant's menstrual cycle length), before exercise)
- Dietary intake(At baseline)
研究者
Chariklia K. Deli
Associate Professor
University of Thessaly