T-regulatory Cells in Diabetic Type Two Nephropathy

Brief Summary: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent health problems worldwide. Diabetic nephropathy has become the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease worldwide and is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk.

Traditionally, metabolic and hemodynamic factors are the main causes of renal lesions in patients with type two diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy , both considered non-immune diseases. Serial researches has demonstrated that diabetic nephropathy is a metabolic and hemodynamic disorder, with inflammation playing a vital role in the process.

Detailed Description: It has been reported that glomerular basement membranes from diabetic rats induced significantly greater amounts of Tumor necrotic factor-alpha and Interleukin-1 than when these cells were incubated with basement membranes from non-diabetic rats.

These new findings were the first to suggest that inflammatory cytokines may participate in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy .Cluster of differentiation 4 cells are believed to play central roles in modulating immune responses. Tumor necrotic factor-alpha and Interleukin-6, and induce inflammation in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.

T- regulatory cells exert immunosuppressive effects which are important on the maintenance of immune homeostasis by producing anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as Interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-b.

Aim of this work is to the role of T regulatory cells :( Cluster of differentiation 4, Cluster of differentiation 25,Cluster of differentiation 127 , forkhead box P3 cells) in the different stages of diabetic nephropathy before hemodialysis initiation.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Adult patients above 20 years diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and have microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria or renal impairment

Exclusion Criteria

Patients with ischemic heart disease, any other autoimmune diseases, and Hepatitis C or B positive patients.

b-Patients with diabetic nephropathy on dialysis therapy c- Patients with any other causes for renal diseases such as glomerulonephritis

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
1	laboratory test	cases of Diabetic type two nephropathy
2	laboratory test	controls of normal subjects

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
rate of patients with positive T-regulatory cells in blood	one week	number of patients with diabetic type two nephropathy with positive T-regulatory cells in blood

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method

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