The Morning Coffee Study

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Appetitive Behavior
• Interventions: Other: Coffee with butter-1; Other: Coffee with butter-II; Other: Coffee with butter-III

• Registration Number: NCT04250740
• Lead Sponsor: University of Guelph

Brief Summary

The liking of a breakfast meal has been shown to influence food choice throughout the day. This study will investigate the effects that liking of different coffee beverages has on daily food intake.

Detailed Description

This is a postprandial acute meal crossover blinded study in which 30 fasted young healthy women will consume one of 3 butter-rich coffees, in random order, at each of three study sessions separated by at least 4 days. Participants will rate the coffee characteristics and complete paper visual analogue scale ratings of alertness, fatigue, nausea, satiety, and comfort for 180 minutes and consume a pasta lunch meal. A subset of 10 participants will be invited to attend 3 additional study visits where gastric emptying following consumption of each coffee will be assess using gastric ultrasound.

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2020-01-28
• Study Start: 2020-01-30
• Study First Submitted QC: 2020-01-30
• Study First Posted: 2020-01-31
• Primary Completion: 2024-08-31
• Study Completion: 2024-08-31
• Status Verified: 2024-12
• Last Update Submitted: 2025-03-24
• Last Update Posted: 2025-03-27

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: Female
• Target Recruitment: 30

Inclusion Criteria

• Generally healthy women
• 20-35 yrs
• BMI of 18.5-26.1 kg/m2 and waist circumference <88cm
• Non-smoking
• Non to moderate alcohol drinkers
• Regular coffee consumers
• Regularly consumes dairy products
• Pre-menopausal with regular monthly periods
• Stable medication use
• Have not gained or lost significant weight during the past 3 months
• Not pregnant or lactating
• Enjoy and be willing to consume pasta with tomato sauce

Exclusion Criteria

• Any food sensitivity or intolerance
• Any anaphylactic allergy or gastrointestinal disorder
• History of any major disease or medical condition
• Elite or training athletes
• Three Factor Eating Questionnaire restraint score >16
• Taking any natural health products or dietary supplements, other than a multivitamin, that interfere with fat or caffeine digestion

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: CROSSOVER

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Coffee A	Coffee with butter-1	-
Coffee B	Coffee with butter-II	-
Coffee C	Coffee with butter-III	-

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Please indicate how much you liked or disliked the coffee	30-180 minutes	Hedonic scale ratings of beverage liking; 9 points from Dislike Extremely to Like Extremely

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Please indicate on the line how hungry you are	30 - 180 minutes	Visual analogue scale ratings of product attributes; 0-100 mm from Not Hungry at All to Extremely Hungry
Lunch meal food intake	180 minutes	Weight of food consumed at ad libitum pasta meal
Please indicate on the line the creaminess of the coffee	0 - 180 minutes	Visual analogue scale ratings of product attributes; 0-100 mm from Not Creamy at All to Extremely Creamy

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

University of Guelph; 🇨🇦 Guelph, Ontario, Canada