The Impact of Availability of Conventional Cigarettes and LNCs in the Context of Innovative Tax Proposals
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 招募中
- 入组人数
- 316
- 试验地点
- 4
- 主要终点
- Percent of Budget Allocated to Products from each Tax Tier
研究概览
简要总结
This study will investigate the effects of normal-nicotine versus low-nicotine cigarette availability in the context of four tax proposals (Tobacco Parity, Nicotine-Content, Harm-Reduction, and Modified Risk Tobacco Product-based taxes) on tobacco product purchasing patterns in a virtual marketplace.
详细描述
In a within/between subjects design, the investigators will use an Experimental Tobacco Marketplace (ETM) to systematically impose four innovative tobacco/nicotine tax proposals (Tobacco Parity, Nicotine-Content, Harm-Reduction, and Modified Risk Tobacco Product-related taxes) covering a broad range of tax magnitudes. Participants will complete two control trials and one tax proposal condition, with and without the conventional cigarettes available in the marketplace. Each condition (with and without conventional cigarettes) will include five price scenarios, with tax rates increasing across scenarios by a multiplicative factor. Tobacco products are placed into three tax tiers: high-, medium-, and no-tax, according to the goals of each proposal.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Basic Science
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 21 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •provide informed consent
- •provide a breath carbon monoxide sample ≥ 8 ppm,
- •be at least 21 years of age (the legal age to purchase tobacco),
- •smoke at least 10 cigarettes daily, and
- •use other tobacco products less than weekly.
排除标准
- •report uncontrolled physical or mental health conditions (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes, high blood pressure, major depressive disorder, etc.),
- •use of smoking cessation medications (e.g., nicotine replacement, bupropion, varenicline) in the past 30 days,
- •report concrete, immediate plans to alter/quit using their usual tobacco products in the next 30 days,
- •be pregnant or lactating, or
- •have plans to move out of the area during the experiment.
研究组 & 干预措施
Tobacco Parity
Exclusive cigarette smokers will be recruited and will be exposed to two control trials and the Tobacco Parity Tax condition. Tobacco products in the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace are placed into three tax tiers: high-, medium-, and no-tax. In this condition, all tobacco products are placed in the high-tax tier while products that do not contain tobacco (e.g., herbal cigarettes and nicotine-free ENDS) are placed in the medium-tax tier. Nicotine Replacement Therapy products are placed in the no-tax tier.
干预措施: Tobacco Parity Tax - Normal Nicotine Cigarettes Available (Behavioral)
Tobacco Parity
Exclusive cigarette smokers will be recruited and will be exposed to two control trials and the Tobacco Parity Tax condition. Tobacco products in the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace are placed into three tax tiers: high-, medium-, and no-tax. In this condition, all tobacco products are placed in the high-tax tier while products that do not contain tobacco (e.g., herbal cigarettes and nicotine-free ENDS) are placed in the medium-tax tier. Nicotine Replacement Therapy products are placed in the no-tax tier.
干预措施: Tobacco Parity Tax - Normal Nicotine Cigarettes Not Available (Behavioral)
Nicotine Content
Exclusive cigarette smokers will be recruited and will be exposed to two control trials and the Nicotine-Content Tax Condition. Products in the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace are placed into three tax tiers: high-, medium-, and no-tax. In this condition, products with greater than 3 mg nicotine per single unit are placed in the high-tax tier, products with 0.6-3.0 mg/unit in the medium-tax tier, and those with 0.5 mg/unit or less in the no-tax tier.
干预措施: Nicotine Content Tax - Normal Nicotine Cigarettes Not Available (Behavioral)
Nicotine Content
Exclusive cigarette smokers will be recruited and will be exposed to two control trials and the Nicotine-Content Tax Condition. Products in the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace are placed into three tax tiers: high-, medium-, and no-tax. In this condition, products with greater than 3 mg nicotine per single unit are placed in the high-tax tier, products with 0.6-3.0 mg/unit in the medium-tax tier, and those with 0.5 mg/unit or less in the no-tax tier.
干预措施: Nicotine Content Tax - Normal Nicotine Cigarettes Available (Behavioral)
Harm Reduction
Exclusive cigarette smokers will be recruited and will be exposed to two control trials and the Harm Reduction Tax Condition. Tobacco products in the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace are placed into three tax tiers: high-, medium-, and no-tax. In this condition, all combustible products with high abuse liability are placed in the high-tax tier. All non-combustible products or combustible products with low abuse liability are placed in the medium-tax tier. Nicotine Replacement Therapy products are placed in the no-tax tier.
干预措施: Harm Reduction Tax - Normal Nicotine Cigarettes Available (Behavioral)
Harm Reduction
Exclusive cigarette smokers will be recruited and will be exposed to two control trials and the Harm Reduction Tax Condition. Tobacco products in the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace are placed into three tax tiers: high-, medium-, and no-tax. In this condition, all combustible products with high abuse liability are placed in the high-tax tier. All non-combustible products or combustible products with low abuse liability are placed in the medium-tax tier. Nicotine Replacement Therapy products are placed in the no-tax tier.
干预措施: Harm Reduction Tax - Normal Nicotine Cigarettes Not Available (Behavioral)
Modified Risk Tobacco Products (MRTP)
Exclusive cigarette smokers will be recruited and will be exposed to two control trials and the Modified Risk Tobacco Products tax condition. Tobacco products in the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace are placed into three tax tiers: high-, medium-, and no-tax. In this condition, all non-MRTP tobacco products are placed in the high-tax tier, MRTPs are placed in the medium-tax tier, and Nicotine Replacement Therapy products are placed in the no-tax tier.
干预措施: Modified Risk Tobacco Product Tax - Normal Nicotine Cigarettes Available (Behavioral)
Modified Risk Tobacco Products (MRTP)
Exclusive cigarette smokers will be recruited and will be exposed to two control trials and the Modified Risk Tobacco Products tax condition. Tobacco products in the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace are placed into three tax tiers: high-, medium-, and no-tax. In this condition, all non-MRTP tobacco products are placed in the high-tax tier, MRTPs are placed in the medium-tax tier, and Nicotine Replacement Therapy products are placed in the no-tax tier.
干预措施: Modified Risk Tobacco Product Tax - Normal Nicotine Cigarettes Not Available (Behavioral)
结局指标
主要结局
Percent of Budget Allocated to Products from each Tax Tier
时间窗: Day 1
The investigators will measure the percent of each participant's study budget spent on products from each of the three tax tiers (high-, medium, and no-tax).
次要结局
- Quantity of Products Purchased from each Tax Tier(Day 1)
研究者
Jeffrey Stein
Assistant Professor
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University