An Observational Study for assessing forward head posture in volleyball players in Greater Noida.

Forward head posture, sometimes referred to as anterior head carriage or "text neck," is a

frequent postural issue in which the head and neck are positioned ahead of the shoulders.

Frequently seen in those who spend a lot of time sitting still when reading or using a

computer or maintain wrong posture while playing for long time. In the FHP, the prevertebral

muscles (cervical flexors) extend and the suboccipital muscles (cervical extensors)

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Problem which can causes the text neck posture

Poor posture

Sedentary lifestyle

Muscle imbalance

Texting and device usage

Carrying heavy backpacks

Improper ergonomics

Stress and emotional factors

Associated problems which related to text neck posture

Headaches

Discomfort in the neck

Tension in the shoulders and neck muscles

Back pain in the middle

Chest ache

Numbness, pain in the hand and arms

The FHP is thought to be an internal factor that aggravates shoulder and neck discomfort in

addition to contributing to dysfunction. A forward head posture (FHP) results in a stretched

upper cervical and upper head posture as well as lower cervical vertebral flexion. This

lengthens the external moment (the arm) by moving the gravitational center (the head) in

front of the load-bearing axis. The continuous application of this load on the muscles and

noncontractile elements of the craniovertebral extension causes a change in the

biomechanical action, and this elevated stress may cause discomfort or musculoskeletal

system damage 2 .

FHP causes a round shoulder and neck pain related to problems with the neck bone because

of an imbalance between the muscles attached to the neck bone and the curvature of the

spine.

The anatomical link between the cervical spine and the neck is very complex. It eases the

strain on the muscles, bones, nerves, and spine. Neck pain can cause radiating hand pain,

headaches, thoracic kyphosis, shoulder pain, and back pain. By adopting bad posture, the

upper back muscle can resist the pull of gravity and the forward neck 2 .

Volleyball is a popular and enjoyable sport for many individuals due to its many physical,

mental, and social benefits. In a real and figurative sense, professional players are more likely

to experience neck pain. Those players who play regularly are more prone to develop

shoulder and neck pain, especially if they are not playing in a correct posture. Professional

players often assume a position that causes neck pain while playing 3 .

Individuals who suffer from neck disorders typically have a forward head posture. Most

patients with forward head posture, such as volleyball players, bus drivers, people in

industrial jobs, and people who works in computer, spend the majority of their days seated for

extended periods of time. Previous studies have shown that forward head posture shortens the

posterior neck extensor, tightens the anterior neck and shoulder muscles, and alters the

scapular position.

The forward head posture not only results in fatigue, restricted range of motion, and muscular

imbalance, but it also causes excruciating neck pain. temporomandibular joint dysfunction,

teeth clenching, pinched nerves, myofascial pain syndrome, headache, migraine, tingling and

numbness in the hands and arms, and muscular spasms are all conditions that make it difficult

to go about daily tasks. In order to give student the right awareness of posture and ergonomic

advice to treat neck pain, the current study was conducted to ascertain the prevalence of

forward head posture and its effect on daily living activities. One of the main causes of bad

head and neck posture when working is a lack of awareness of posture 4 .