Exercise Detection Study

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Type 1 Diabetes
• Interventions: Behavioral: Aerobic Exercise; Behavioral: Resistance Exercise

• Registration Number: NCT02688218
• Lead Sponsor: Oregon Health and Science University

Brief Summary

The risk of hypoglycemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes increases considerably during exercise. As a result, many patients with type 1 diabetes experience fear of and reluctance to pursue physical activity, in order to avoid the discomforting symptoms associated with hypoglycemia. The bi-hormonal artificial pancreas, a device used for automatic delivery of insulin and glucagon subcutaneously to subjects with type 1 diabetes, is paving the way to revolutionize the management of this disease. The investigator's group has recently completed a study of the bi-hormonal artificial pancreas system during exercise, suggesting reduced hypoglycemia around the exercise period. In order to prepare for a future home study, the ability to detect, grade, and classify physical activity so as to appropriately adjust system parameters is vital in helping to prevent exercise induced hypoglycemia in the home setting.

This study is designed to collect 3-axis accelerometry data and heart rate data during a variety of different home activities, as well as during formal exercise in both healthy subjects and subjects with type 1 diabetes. Additionally, the investigators will observe the change in glucose levels before and after exercise in subjects with type 1 diabetes.

Detailed Description

The artificial pancreas, a device used for automatic delivery of insulin and glucagon subcutaneously to subjects with type 1 diabetes, is paving the way to revolutionize the management of this disease. Already, the benefit of improved glycemic control compared to current open-loop pump therapy has been demonstrated in several trials. The investigator's group has shown that artificial pancreas algorithm dual hormone system effectively manages blood glucose in a clinic setting and the investigators have specifically shown great progress using glucagon to reduce hypoglycemic episodes outside of exercise. The investigators most recent inpatient study, as yet unpublished, shows that adjusting insulin and glucagon delivery during closed loop treatment, after announcing exercise, effectively reduces mean time below a glucose level of 70 mg/dl when compared to closed loop control without adjustments. The investigators utilized initial open-loop data from this study to help devise dosing changes for the artificial pancreas algorithm.

In order to prepare for a future home study, the ability to detect, grade, and classify physical activity so as to appropriately adjust system parameters is vital in helping to prevent exercise induced hypoglycemia in the home setting. Currently, our closed-loop system transmits heart rate and accelerometry outputs from a Zephyrlife BioPatch monitoring device to a Nexus 5 smart phone master controller via Bluetooth. The algorithm then converts the heart rate and accelerometry data into modified estimated energy expenditure - accounting for age, weight, height, sex, resting and sitting heart rates - to determine if exercise is present. However, further data collection is needed to hone the specificity and sensitivity of the detection algorithm to account for a wide variety of subject characteristics and activities.

This study is designed to collect 3-axis accelerometry data and heart rate data during a variety of different home activities, as well as during formal exercise, which included aerobic exercise (on a calibrated treadmill) and resistance exercise (straight-leg raises or equivalent) in healthy subjects as well as subjects with type 1 diabetes. Optionally VO2 data from a portable VO2 mask will be obtained. The data collected will be used to further enhance our algorithm that, in future closed-loop studies, will detect exercise and automatically trigger algorithmic adjustments to reduce exercise-related hypoglycemia during and after exercise in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Basic Information
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Recruitment & Eligibility
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Study & Design
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Trial Locations

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2016-02
• Study First Submitted: 2016-02-17
• Study First Submitted QC: 2016-02-17
• Study First Posted: 2016-02-23
• Primary Completion: 2018-02-02
• Study Completion: 2018-02-02
• Results First Submitted: 2019-01-24
• Status Verified: 2019-06
• Results First Submitted QC: 2019-06-03
• Last Update Submitted: 2019-06-03
• Results First Posted: 2019-07-29
• Last Update Posted: 2019-07-29

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 30

Inclusion Criteria

1. Male or female subjects 21 to 45 years of age.
2. Physically active on a regular basis, i.e. at least 3 days of scheduled physical activity per week and willing to perform approximately 60 minutes of exercise (as determined by the investigator after reviewing the subjects activity level).
3. Willingness to follow all study procedures.
4. Willingness to sign informed consent and HIPAA documents.

Exclusion criteria:

1. Pregnancy or Lactation: For women of childbearing potential, there is a requirement for a negative urine pregnancy test.
2. Any history or evidence of renal insufficiency, adrenal insufficiency, liver disease or anemia.
3. A history of cerebrovascular disease or coronary artery disease (or angina) regardless of the time since occurrence.
4. Congestive heart failure, New York Heart Association (NYHA) any class.
5. Diagnosis of 1st, 2nd or 3rd degree heart block or any arrhythmia judged by the investigator to be exclusionary.
6. Any condition which, in the opinion of the investigator, makes it difficult to engage in vigorous physical activity.
7. Any active infection.
8. Severe peripheral arterial disease characterized by ischemic rest pain or severe claudication.
9. Active alcohol abuse, substance abuse, or severe mental illness (as judged by the principal investigator).
10. Active malignancy, except basal cell or squamous cell skin cancers.
11. Major surgical operation within 30 days prior to screening.
12. Seizure disorder.
13. Bleeding disorder, or treatment with warfarin.
14. Use of any chronic medications.
15. Use of an investigational drug within 30 days prior to screening.
16. Any reason the principal investigator deems exclusionary.

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Exclusion Criteria

Not provided

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Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: CROSSOVER

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Aerobic First, Resistance Second	Aerobic Exercise	Subjects will complete three 15 minute periods of aerobic exercise, with 10 minute recovery between each period. This will be followed by 5-15 minute periods of up to 7 activities of daily living with an additional 20 minute period of resistance exercise, such as straight leg raises.
Aerobic First, Resistance Second	Resistance Exercise	Subjects will complete three 15 minute periods of aerobic exercise, with 10 minute recovery between each period. This will be followed by 5-15 minute periods of up to 7 activities of daily living with an additional 20 minute period of resistance exercise, such as straight leg raises.
Resistance First, Aerobic Second	Aerobic Exercise	Subjects will complete 5-15 minute periods of up to 7 activities of daily living with an additional 20 minute period of resistance exercise, such as straight leg raises. This will be followed by three 15 minute periods of aerobic exercise, with 10 minute recovery between each period.
Resistance First, Aerobic Second	Resistance Exercise	Subjects will complete 5-15 minute periods of up to 7 activities of daily living with an additional 20 minute period of resistance exercise, such as straight leg raises. This will be followed by three 15 minute periods of aerobic exercise, with 10 minute recovery between each period.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Mean Change in Sensor Glucose in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes	4 hours	The mean change in sensor glucose before and after both exercise periods (aerobic and resistance) during the study visit, obtained from Dexcom G4 sensors in the subjects with type 1 diabetes.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Oregon Health and Science University; 🇺🇸 Portland, Oregon, United States