The Therapeutic Effect of Beta-3 Agonist and Anti-muscarinic Agent on Overactive Bladder Among Sjogren's Syndrome Patient

Overactive bladder(OAB) is a syndrome characterized by the presence of frequency, urgency, nocturia, and with or without urgency urinary incontinence. The reported prevalence of overactive bladder was similar between man and woman. An overactive bladder has been shown to impair the quality of life of the patient. Muscarinic receptors, particularly M2 and M3 receptors were involved in detrusor contraction. Anti-muscarinic receptor drugs, such as oxybutynin and tolterodine are drugs that are currently recommended by both European association of Urology(EAU) and American Urology Association(AUA) guidelines as a second-line treatment for OAB. Beta-3 agonist such as mirabegron is another medication that is commonly used for OAB. Beta-3 agonists increased the bladder capacity of OAB patients without impairing the detrusor contractility.

Sjogren syndrome(Ss) is an autoimmune disease that frequently affects the lacrimal gland and salivary gland causing the patient to have dry mouth and dry eyes. Extraglandular manifestation was also present. Genitourinary manifestation such as frequency, urgency, and vaginal dryness have been reported but not extensively studied. Currently, there is no consensus for the management of these extraglandular manifestations.

Several studies have reported an increasing prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms in Ss. Detrusor overactivity was the most commonly found based on a small study. A nationwide population-based study in Taiwan has shown that the risk of developing OAB in the Ss population is significantly higher than the control group.

Cholinesterase inhibitors like pilocarpine and muscarinic agonists such as cevimeline are common drugs used to treat dry eyes and dry mouth of Sjogren syndrome while anti-muscarinic drugs are extensively used to treat OAB. Pilocarpine works by increasing acetylcholine concentration in the synaptic junction while cevimeline works as a muscarinic receptor. Whether the increased prevalence of OAB in Ss population is due to the medication itself or due to the disease is not clear. Currently, there is no study investigating the optimal management of lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS) in Sjogren Syndrome populations.

Objective The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of muscarinic agonists used for Ss on LUTS and the efficacy of beta3 agonists for management OAB in Ss.