Dapagliflozin Effects on Mayor Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction (DAPA-AMI). Randomized Clinical Trial

According with the World Health Organization, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in the world, estimating 17.9 millions of deaths a year. The cardiovascular disease are a group of disorders of the hearth and the blood vessels including coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, rheumatic hearth disease and other conditions. Four out of five deaths attributed to cardiovascular cause are related to acute myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular disease and one third of this deaths occur in persons younger than 70 years.

The concept of acute coronary syndrome includes the ST elevation myocardial infarction who presents a ST elevation in two contiguous leads or complete left branch bundle block instead patients who presents without ST elevation in the electrocardiogram they are usually classified as Non ST elevation acute myocardial infarction.

The optimum treatment of the STEMI must be based in the utilization of networks between hospitals with different technology levels connected by an efficient y prioritized ambulance system. The objective of this networks is to provide an efficient medical attention, reduce the lag time and to get better the clinical results. The percutaneous coronary intervention is the preferred treatment of reperfusion for the patients with acute myocardial infarction on the first 12 hours after the development of symptoms, provided it can be done quickly (120 minutes since the diagnosis). In some circumstances, the PCI is not an option, then the fibrinolysis could be started immediately.

Most patients with ischemic heart disease are carriers of DM2. The DM2 is associated to an increase 3 times the risk of cardiovascular disease being this the principal cause of morbidity and mortality in this patients. Further, more than 40% of the patient with DM2 develops diabetic nephropathy and this increase strongly the risk of poor cardiovascular outcomes.

Improve the glycemic control in patients with DM2 has been a major objective in the clinical practice for decades, abreast to a reduction of the multifactorial cardiovascular risk. On randomized trials, controlled with placebo, the sodium-glucose linked transported inhibitors type 2 have shown convincingly improve the cardiovascular results, including a reduction in cardiovascular death and particularly, the reduction in the occurrence of heart failure leading to hospitalization . The consistent evidence of the beneficial cardiovascular effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors has led to recommend it in international papers for patients with DM2 and cardiovascular disease in addition to metformin, regardless of their basal levels of glycated hemoglobin.