Tranexamic Acid for the Treatment of Postpartum Haemorrhage: An International Randomised, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial
试验速览
- 阶段
- 3 期
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 20,060
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- The primary outcome is the proportion of women who die or undergo hysterectomy. The primary cause of death will be described.
研究概览
简要总结
The WOMAN trial is a large pragmatic randomised double-blind, placebo controlled trial to quantify the effects of the early administration of tranexamic acid on death, hysterectomy and other relevant outcomes. 20,000 adult women, after delivery who have clinically diagnosed postpartum haemorrhage, are eligible if the responsible doctor is for any reason substantially uncertain whether or not to use an antifibrinolytic agent. Additionally, TWO nested studies will be conducted in a subset of women trial participants. The first nested study (ETAC) aims to evaluate the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) on markers of coagulation in 400 women randomised to the WOMAN trial. The second nested study (ETAPLAT) aims to evaluate the haemostatic effect and antithrombotic effect of TXA in 128 women randomised to the WOMAN trial.
详细描述
BACKGROUND: Each year, worldwide about 530,000 women die from causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. Almost all (99%) of the deaths are in low and middle income countries. Obstetric haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal mortality accounting for between one quarter and one third of deaths, most of which occur in the postpartum period. About 14 million mothers develop postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) each year and about 1-2% of them will die, with an average interval from onset to death of about 2 to 4 hours. Obstetric haemorrhage is also an important cause of maternal mortality in high income countries where it accounts for about 13% of maternal deaths.
Anti-fibrinolytic agents are widely used in surgery to reduce blood loss and the need for blood transfusion. A systematic review of randomised controlled trials of anti-fibrinolytic agents in elective surgery showed that tranexamic acid (TXA) reduced the risk of blood transfusion by a relative 39% (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.69). In those requiring transfusion, TXA reduced the transfused blood volume by 1.1 units (95% CI 0.64 to 1.59). Anti-fibrinolytic agents also reduced the need for re-operation due to bleeding (RR=0.52: 95% CI 0.40 to 0.69). There was no evidence of an increased risk of thrombotic events.
TXA significantly reduces uterine blood loss in women with menorrhagia and is "recommended for consideration" as a treatment in intractable postpartum haemorrhage in the UK. However, at present there is little reliable evidence from randomised trials on the effectiveness of TXA in the treatment of PPH. A systematic review of randomised trials of TXA in PPH conducted by the applicants identified three trials of the prophylactic use of TXA, including a total of 460 participants. Although there was a significant reduction in average postpartum blood loss in women treated with TXA [weighted mean reduction 96 ml (95%CI 76ml to 109ml)] the quality of the trials was poor. None had adequate allocation concealment and even in aggregate the trials were too small to assess the effects of TXA on the clinically important end points of mortality, hysterectomy and thrombotic side effects. The most recently updated PPH treatment guidelines prepared by the World Health Organization (WHO) state that TXA may be used in the treatment of PPH if other measures fail, but points out that the quality of evidence on which this recommendation is based is low and recommends that further clinical trials of TXA in PPH are conducted.
AIM: The WOMAN Trial aims to determine the effect of the early administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) on death and hysterectomy in women with a clinical diagnosis of postpartum haemorrhage. The effect of TXA on the need for surgical interventions, blood transfusion, the risk of non-fatal vascular events (either haemorrhagic or occlusive), use of health services and breastfeeding will also be assessed.
OUTCOME: Outcomes will be collected at 42 days after randomisation, at discharge or at death (whichever occurs first).
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 16 Years 至 —（Child, Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- Female
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- 未提供
排除标准
- 未提供
研究组 & 干预措施
Tranexamic acid
干预措施: Tranexamic acid (Drug)
placebo
干预措施: Placebo [Saline] (Drug)
结局指标
主要结局
The primary outcome is the proportion of women who die or undergo hysterectomy. The primary cause of death will be described.
时间窗: up to 42 days after randomisation
次要结局
- Status of baby/ies(up to 42 weeks after randomisation of mother)
- Surgical Interventions including hysterectomy; brace suture; selective arterial embolisation; laparotomy for other reasons; manual removal of placenta; intrauterine tamponade; artery ligation, to achieve haemostasis.(up to 42 days after randomisation)
- Need for blood transfusion - blood or blood component units transfused.(up to 42 days after randomisation)
- Health Status measured using the EQ-5D.(up to 42 days after randomisation)
- Thromboembolic events (myocardial infarction, strokes, pulmonary embolism, DVT).(up to 42 days after randomisation)
- Other relevant medical events(up to 42 days after randomisation)
- Length of stay at hospital/time spent at an intensive care unit(up to 42 days after randomisation)
- Need for mechanical ventilation.(up to 42 days after randomisation)