Comparing Opioid Vs Non Opioid Analgesics for Postoperative Pain Management in Unilateral Primary Open Inguinal Hernia Repair
Overview
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Intervention
- Pain management after surgery
- Conditions
- Inguinal Hernia Unilateral
- Sponsor
- Pakistan Air Force (PAF) Hospital Islamabad
- Enrollment
- 60
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Visual analogue scale - pain score
- Status
- Completed
- Last Updated
- last year
Overview
Brief Summary
To control post-operative pain, multiple drugs are available, and in the western countries opioids are preferred. However, they have their own side effects, and so to reduce their dependence, multiple adjuncts are used. We compared the use of opioids vs just non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on post-operative pain control following inguinal hernia surgery
Detailed Description
Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common surgeries performed by general surgeons worldwide. The preferred procedure for primary open inguinal hernias is open mesh repair (tension-free)-also called Lichtenstein repair. Opioids remain the mainstay for post-operative analgesia, however, they have a tendency for dependence along with other side effects. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSIADs) have been used as adjuncts to decrease the use of opioids, however, usually NSAIDs are not used in isolation following surgery. We compared post-operative analgesia following primary open inguinal hernia repair, with patients receiving only opioids vs patients only receiving NSAIDs. 60 patients were randomized in to 2 groups. Group A patients received tramadol injection (opioid) every 8 hours, while patients in Group B received injection ketorolac (NSAID) every 8 hourly. Pain was measured using visual analogue score at 2-, 6-, 12- and 24-hours following surgery.
Investigators
Syed Moiz Ahmed
Post-graduate resident, Principle Investigator, Department of General Surgery
Pakistan Air Force (PAF) Hospital Islamabad
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- •Undergoing elective primary unilateral open inguinal hernia repair under spinal anesthesia - Lichtenstein repair with prolene mesh
- •ASA I or II
- •Ages 18 - 65
Exclusion Criteria
- •Patient on chronic pain meds
- •Patient receiving analgesics 24hrs prior to surgery
- •Incarcerated or strangulated hernia or recurrent hernia
- •BMI \>40
- •Allergic to medications being tested in this study
Arms & Interventions
Tramadol
Patients received injection tramadol 50 mg intravenously every 8 hourly following surgery
Intervention: Pain management after surgery
Ketorolac
Patients received injection tramadol 30 mg intravenously every 8 hourly following surgery
Intervention: Pain management after surgery
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Visual analogue scale - pain score
Time Frame: 2-, 6-, 12-, 24-hours following surgery
Visual analogue score to quantify pain following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Maximum value is 10 (which means worst pain), and minimum value is 0 (which means no pain).
Secondary Outcomes
- Flatus(within 24 hours following surgery)
- nausea/vomiting(within 24 hours following surgery)
- Time to ambulation(within 24 hours following surgery)
- rescue analgesia(within 24 hours following surgery)
- Mean arterial pressure(2-, 6-, 12-, 24-hours following surgery)
- Heart rate(2-, 6-, 12-, 24 hours)
- oxygen saturation(2-, 6-, 12-, 24 hours)