Impact of Physical and Balance Training on Physical Activity in Children with Intellectual Disability

The study title is " Impact of Physical and Balance Training on Physical Activity in Children with Intellectual Disability." It will examine the effect of Physical and Balance exercises on children having  Intellectual Disability (ID) having mild to moderate ID. Deficits in general mental abilities such as reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and experiential learning characterize ID. According to reports, the prevalence of ID is 1% worldwide, varying by nation from 1% to 3%. The male-to-female ratio is 2:1. While the percentage of people with mild ID has decreased recently, the percentage of people with severe ID has stayed constant at between 0.3% and 0.5% of the population. It relies on three categories: educable mental retardation (based on an IQ of 50 to about 70–75), trainable mental retardation (IQ 30 to 50), and severe mental retardation (IQ below 30). This study aims to find the effect of physical and balance exercise on strength, endurance, balance, and physical activity in children having ID. The study is an Experimental study, involving 38 participants (19 in each group), aged 10-12 years, who have mild to moderate ID. The participants will be randomly assigned to either of experimental group or the control group. The experimental group will receive a 45-minute session of exercise, including a warm-up phase, main exercise phase, and the cool-down phase in which includes different physical and balance exercises, while the control group will have educational and school physical activities. The primary assessment includes the stair climbing test, sit-to-stand test, time up and go test, single leg standing test, and physical activity questionnaire for children and adolescents (PAQ-C) conducted at 0 and 6th week. The Shapiro-Wilk test will be used to check the normal distribution of data. Depending on the normality of the data parametric or non-parametric test will be administered. Parametric test includes paired and unpaired t test for within and between-group analysis, and non-parametric tests include the Mann-Whitney U test. Ultimately, the findings aim to contribute valuable insights into rehabilitation practices for ID children to improve their Physical abilities to perform activities of daily living.