Evaluation of Saraswata churna with Panchbhautika taila nasya in the management of autism in children- a randomized controlled clinical trial

Autism is a complex neuro-developmental disorder that tremendously affects the normal functioning of brain which challenges the child’s development. Autism is characterized by impaired communication (both verbal and nonverbal), impaired interpersonal social interaction and repetitive, restricted and stereotype mannerism of behavior or presence of unusually strong narrow interest. The presentation of these impairments is variable in range and severity and varies with the acquisition of other developmental skills.

According to WHO report, it is estimated that worldwide about 1 in 100 children have autismi. In India according to a report by ET Health World, about 18 million people in India are diagnosed with autism. About 1 to 1.5 percent of children aged 2 to 9 years are diagnosed with ASDii. Autism affects more male than female individuals. Etiology of autism is not yet known, but both genetic and environmental factors appear to play role. Environmental factors that may contribute to the etiology of ASD include pre or postnatal exposure to certain environmental chemicals and drugs, stress, maternal infection and dietary factors. Along with this, alteration in gut microbiota (gut dysbiosis) and other GI disorders are found in autistic children. That is derangement in digestive and metabolic system. Autism has close similarities to the features of that Unmada which is described in Ayurveda. The condition due to Dushta Dosha caused by the Mithyahara or Vihara consumption by an Alpa Satva person, which gets lodged in the Sthana of Buddhi, that is Hridaya and later does Margavarana of Manovaha Srotas leading to different lakshanas (manifestations). Looking to the manifestations of Unmada, some of them can be seen in autism spectrum disorders. These include involve impairments of -

Manas vibhramam – total or partial loss of sensory perception.

Buddhi vibhramam - intellect-partially affected –could be irregular as shown in savant skill.

Samjanajana vibhramam- impaired consciousness.

Smriti vibhramam –impaired memory.

Bhakti vibhramam- impaired desire, loss of innate quality of self-realization.

Seela vibhramam- socially inappropriate outbursts and adherence to strict rigid routines.

Chesta vibhramam- activities motor stereotype that are improper and compulsive.

Achara vibhramam- poor socialization skills, failure to obey orders, loss of healthy habits.