Accelerated Pulmonary Rehabilitation in the Preoperative Period

The benefits of pulmonary rehab (PR) prior to lung resection have not been well-studied in the population that could benefit from it the most, patients with COPD who smoke. This study would be innovative in two major ways. First, the impact of prehab in those who smoke could be established. Secondly, the optimal model of prehab, which meets the clinical needs of the patient in the pre-surgical window, and aligns with the current model of PR, could be determined.

Screening and Recruitment Investigators estimate that 20 participants over a two-year period will be sufficient to measure the safety and feasibility of this study. Investigators aim to enroll, on average, 2 participants per month in order to complete this study in a timely fashion. Participants will be enrolled in prehab on a rolling basis, as to not delay surgical timeline.

Some procedures will be performed as a component of standard of care and some will be for research purposes only. This distinction is outlined in the sections below.

Intake and Baseline Assessment After informed consent, participants will complete the initial assessment with study coordinator. This will include anthropometrics, demographics like age, sex, race and ethnicity, and other sociodemographic and economic characteristics such as education, marital status, income, etc. This assessment will also include thorough medical, and surgical review, healthcare resource utilization, medication usage, substance use and smoking history, specifically recall of average cigarettes per day, carbon monoxide measurements, Fagerström nicotine dependence scale, and readiness to change. Investigators will also administer the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire to assess for anxiety. Following intake, participants will be enrolled in the prehab program, which will include standard of care intake measurements including 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), mMRC, SGRQ, short physical performance battery (SPPB), and PHQ-9. For ease of the patient, Investigators will offer that this be performed on the same day, in a private medical setting at the PR facility. If the patient chooses, Investigators can offer intake at the Vermont Lung Center on a separate day.

Prehab Prehab will include 2, one-hour sequential sessions of PR per day as is standard, however this intervention will increase the frequency from 2 days to 4 days per week, for 2 weeks, thus completing 16 sessions of PR prior to or in the early stages of treatment. An exercise prescription will be written by the medical director based on initial 6MWD, age, height, weight, and co-morbidities, as is standard of care. Prior to each session, patients are evaluated for symptoms and vital signs are measured. Exercise will include 30 minutes of warm-up and upper and lower extremity resistance training, either against gravity or with resistance bands as appropriate. Exercise will then move to the open gym, where patients utilize endurance equipment of their choosing, such as a treadmill or recumbent bicycle. As with traditional PR, participants will be given online education videos regarding lung health to complete at home, with a supplementary video on breathing techniques to reduce atelectasis from pain. Virtual synchronous home-based PR will be offered to patients who have barriers to in-center PR.