A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial to Study the Effect of G1899 (Korean Red Ginseng Extract Powder) on Blood Flow in Healthy Adults
Overview
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Intervention
- Not specified
- Conditions
- Cardiovascular Diseases
- Sponsor
- Korea Ginseng Corporation
- Enrollment
- 108
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Blood Flow
- Status
- Completed
- Last Updated
- last year
Overview
Brief Summary
The objectives of this clinical trial are to 1) determine the effect of the TP compared to placebo on blood flow and platelet aggregation, 2) to determine the effect of the TP on cardiovascular health compared to a placebo and 3) to assess the safety and tolerability of the TP in healthy adults.
Detailed Description
Platelet aggregation and optimal blood flow are crucial for maintaining overall health. Platelet aggregation is necessary in order to form blood clots, essential for preventing excessive bleeding after injury. However, excessive aggregation can lead to the formation of blood clots within blood vessels, which can progress to cardiovascular complications. Further, efficient blood flow ensures the delivery of oxygen, nutrients and immune cells to various tissues and organs throughout the body to maintain cellular functions and organ health. Disruption in platelet aggregation and blood flow are associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, vascular disease, dyslipidemia and high blood pressure which are the leading cause of death in adults. Risk factors for CVD include oxidative stress, diabetes, smoking, obesity, and lack of physical activity. Intervention strategies such as lifestyle modifications and medications are often implemented for managing of CVD risk. However, there is an increasing interest in preventative measures such as dietary supplements, that may have protective properties against CVD through improving factors such as platelet aggregation and blood flow. Panax ginseng, the dry root and rhizome of the Araliaeae ginseng plant, is considered an adaptogen known to help the body adapt to various stressors and promote overall wellbeing. The benefits of ginseng are thought to be in part from ginsenosides, a class of bioactive ingredients found in the plant. Ginsenosides have been suggested to improve blood flow through enhancing production of nitric oxide (NO) and vasodilation, thereby protecting against cardiovascular dysfunction. Only few randomized controlled trials have investigated the efficacy of ginseng on risk factors of CVD. Both Korean red ginseng root and Korean red ginseng ginsenoside extract have been shown to significantly improve flow-mediated dilation, a measure of endothelial function, when compared to a control at 180-minute post-dose. However, further research is needed to confirm the vasodilating capabilities of panax ginseng. The present study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to investigate the effects of a panax ginseng supplement on cardiovascular health in healthy adults. The primary objective of this study is to explore the ability of panax ginseng to improve markers of blood flow and platelet aggregation compared to a placebo. Efficacy outcomes include flow-mediated dilation (FMD), augmentation index (AI), platelet aggregation, and blood coagulation markers, lipids, blood pressure and endothelial function as assessed by log-transformed reactive hyperemia index (lnRHI) and blood levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), NO and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). These parameters will be assessed at baseline, interim, and end of study (EOS) visits. The study will last up to 16 weeks for each participant. The study will include a screening visit followed by a screening period lasting up to 28 days in duration, a baseline visit on Day 1, and 84 ± 3 days of study product use, followed by an EOS visit on the day after (Day 85 ± 3). The study will include a total of 4 in-person visit days: screening (Visit 1), baseline (Visit 2), interim (Visit 3), and EOS (Visit 4).
Investigators
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- •Healthy adults (male and female) who are 20 to 75 years of age (inclusive).
- •Are able to swallow tablets whole.
- •In good general health (i.e., no uncontrolled diseases or conditions) as deemed by the investigator.
- •Have acceptable heart rate as assessed by the investigator at screening and baseline.
- •Have acceptable levels of blood lipid biomarkers at screening:
- •Triglycerides \<200 mg/dL
- •Total cholesterol \<240 mg/dL
- •LDL cholesterol \<160 mg/dL
- •HDL cholesterol \>39 mg/dL (for males) or \>49 mg/dL (females)
- •Have resting (seated) systolic blood pressure between 90 to 129 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure between 60 to 79 mmHg (inclusive) at screening and baseline.
Exclusion Criteria
- •Are lactating, pregnant or planning to become pregnant during the study (e.g., positive pregnancy test at Visit 2).
- •Have a known sensitivity, intolerability, or allergy to any of the study products or their excipients (including lactose).
- •Have positive medical history of heart disease/cardiovascular disease, kidney disease (dialysis or renal failure), blood or bleeding disorder, hepatic impairment or disease, thyroid disease, or Type I or Type II diabetes.
- •Has an abnormality or obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract precluding swallowing (e.g., dysphagia) and digestion (e.g., known intestinal malabsorption, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, steatorrhea).
- •Have medical condition(s) known to interfere with absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of the study product (e.g., Crohn's disease, short bowel, acute or chronic pancreatitis, or pancreatic insufficiency).
- •Have a positive medical history of immune disorder or is immunocompromised (i.e., HIV/AIDS, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, etc.), or a history of cancer (except localized skin cancer without metastases or in situ cervical cancer) within 5 years prior to screening visit.
- •Have a positive medical history of psychiatric disorder that required hospitalization in the prior year.
- •Report a clinically significant illness during the 28 days before the first dose of study product.
- •Have undergone major surgery in 3 months prior to screening or planned major surgery during the study.
- •Chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), chronic use defined as being taken more than 3 times a week for more than 3 months.
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Blood Flow
Time Frame: 12 weeks
Between placebo and test products, change from baseline to 12 weeks in flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery.
Platelet Aggregation
Time Frame: 12 weeks
Between placebo and test products, change from baseline to 12 weeks in platelet aggregation.
Secondary Outcomes
- Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) at rest (seated and supine)(6 weeks)
- Blood levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)(6 weeks)
- Blood levels of hs-CRP(12 weeks)
- Heart Rate(12 weeks)
- Blood Pressure(12 weeks)
- Whole Blood Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin(12 weeks)
- Augmentation Index(12 weeks)
- Blood Levels of Nitric Oxide(12 weeks)
- DBP at rest (seated and supine)(12 weeks)
- Serum Levels of Triglycerides (TGs)(6 weeks)
- Serum Levels of Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol(6 weeks)
- Whole Blood Hematocrit(12 weeks)
- Blood Levels Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP)(6 weeks)
- Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) at rest (seated and supine)(6 weeks)
- Serum Levels of TGs(12 weeks)
- Body Mass Index (BMI)(12 weeks)
- Whole Blood Neutrophils(12 weeks)
- Serum Total Bilirubin(12 weeks)
- Serum Levels of Total Cholesterol(12 weeks)
- Endothelial Function(12 weeks)
- Blood Coagulation assessed by Thromboxane B2(12 weeks)
- Whole Blood Red Blood Cell Count(12 weeks)
- Whole Blood Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration(12 weeks)
- Whole Blood Lymphocytes(12 weeks)
- Serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)(12 weeks)
- Serum Alanine Transaminase (ALT)(12 weeks)
- Blood Levels of cGMP(12 weeks)
- SBP at rest (seated and supine)(12 weeks)
- Serum Levels of LDL cholesterol(12 weeks)
- Serum Levels of High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol(6 weeks)
- Serum Levels of HDL cholesterol(12 weeks)
- Blood Coagulation assessed by Prothrombin Time (PT)(12 weeks)
- Blood Coagulation assessed by Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT)(12 weeks)
- Body Weight(12 weeks)
- Whole Blood Hemoglobin(12 weeks)
- Whole Blood Red Blood Cell Distribution Width(12 weeks)
- Whole Blood Mean Corpuscular Volume(12 weeks)
- Whole Blood White Blood Cells(12 weeks)
- Whole Blood Basophils(12 weeks)
- Whole Blood Platelet Count(12 weeks)
- Serum Sodium(12 weeks)
- Serum Urea(12 weeks)
- Whole Blood Eosinophils(12 weeks)
- Whole Blood Monocytes(12 weeks)
- Whole Blood Mean Platelet Volume (MPV)(12 weeks)
- Serum Creatinine(12 weeks)
- Serum Albumin(12 weeks)
- Serum Total Protein(12 weeks)
- Serum Chloride(12 weeks)
- Serum Potassium(12 weeks)
- Serum Fasting Glucose(12 weeks)
- Adverse Events(12 weeks)
- Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)(12 weeks)
- Serum Aspartate Transaminase (AST)(12 weeks)
- Serum Globulin(12 weeks)