The Benefits of Consuming Hummus as an Afternoon Snack on Appetite Control, Daily Food Intake, and Diet Quality in Adults
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 33
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Perceived Hunger
研究概览
简要总结
The investigators propose a randomized snack study in normal to overweight adults that will test whether the consumption of different afternoon snacks will have different effects on appetite, mood, blood sugar control, and food intake.
Aim 1: To examine whether the addition of hummus as part of an afternoon snack will improve diet quality, particularly through assessments of daily:
- Vegetable consumption
- Snacking behavior
- Energy intake
- Food choices
Aim 2: To examine whether the addition of hummus as part of an afternoon snack will improve appetite control and satiety including assessments of:
- Appetite Control (hunger, desire to eat, prospective food consumption)
- Cravings (sweet, salty, savory)
- Satiety (fullness)
- Eating initiation
Aim 3: To examine whether the addition of hummus as part of an afternoon snack will improve free-living glycemic control.
Aim 4: To explore whether the addition of hummus as part of an afternoon snack will improve mood/energy states
详细描述
Experimental Design: For 6 consecutive days/treatment, the participants will consume either hummus and pretzels, granola bars, or no snack between 2-4 pm and refrain from eating anything else during this time. On day 7, the participants will consume a standard breakfast, at home, and will come in to the investigator's facility 1 h prior to their habitual lunch time. The participants will be placed in a comfortable room, void of all time cues and a standardized lunch will be consumed. At 3 h after lunch, the participants will complete baseline appetite, satiety, and mood questionnaires. The respective snack will be given to the participants, and they will have 20 minutes to eat the snack. Snack palatability will also be assessed. The participants will continue to complete the previous questionnaires until they voluntarily choose to eat (again). At 3 h after snack, they will be presented with ad libitum dinner and evening snacks. They will be permitted to eat as much or as little as they would like to eat over the remainder of the day. In addition, from day 3 to day 8 of the testing week, continuous glucose monitoring will be completed to assess glucose control.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Crossover
- 主要目的
- Prevention
- 盲法
- Single (Investigator)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 50 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •normal to overweight (BMI: 18-32 kg/m2)
- •no metabolic, psychological, or neurological diseases/conditions not currently or previously on a weight loss or other special diet (in the past 6 months)
- •non-smoking
- •not been clinically diagnosed with an eating disorder
- •habitually eat an afternoon snack between 2:00-4:00 pm
- •no food allergies related to the study snacks
- •rates the overall liking of hummus higher than "Neither Like nor Dislike" on the screening palatability questionnaire.
排除标准
- •Clinically diagnosed with an eating disorder
- •Metabolic, hormonal, and/or neural conditions/diseases that influence metabolism or appetite
- •Currently or previously on a weight loss or other special diet (in the past 6 months)
- •Gained/lost >10 lb. over the past 6 months
- •Taking medication that would directly influence appetite (weight-loss drugs or antidepressant, steroid, or thyroid medication, unless dosage has been stable for at least 6 months)
- •Not willing or able to complete all study testing procedures
研究组 & 干预措施
No Snack
The study participants will not be provided with any snack and will be told to consume nothing from 2-4pm for a week.
干预措施: No Snack (Other)
Snack
The study participants will be provided with a snack to consume every day of the week. The energy content of the snacks will be standardized to ~240 kcal. The snacks will have different levels of protein, fat, carbohydrates, sugar, and fiber.
干预措施: Snack (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Perceived Hunger
时间窗: -180 min, -120 min, -60 min, +0 min, + 30 min, +60 min, +90 min, +120 min, +150 min, +180 min
A questionnaire assessing perceived hunger will be completed at specific times throughout each of the the 6-h testing days. The questionnaire contains a 100 mm VAS incorporating a horizontal line rating scale for each response. The questions are worded as "how strong is your feeling of" with anchors of "not all" to "extremely." The range is 0 mm (min) to 100 (max). A summation (area under the curve) will be calculated. Snacks were consumed at +0 min.
Perceived Fullness
时间窗: -180 min, -120 min, -60 min, +0 min, + 30 min, +60 min, +90 min, +120 min, +150 min, +180 min
A questionnaire assessing perceived fullness will be completed at specific times throughout each of the the 6-h testing days. The questionnaire contains a 100 mm VAS incorporating a horizontal line rating scale for each response. The questions are worded as "how strong is your feeling of" with anchors of "not all" to "extremely." The range is 0 mm (min) to 100 (max). A summation (area under the curve) will be calculated. Snacks were consumed at +0 min.
Perceived Desire to Eat
时间窗: -180 min, -120 min, -60 min, +0 min, + 30 min, +60 min, +90 min, +120 min, +150 min, +180 min
A questionnaire assessing perceived desire to eat will be completed at specific times throughout each of the the 6-h testing days. The questionnaire contains a 100 mm VAS incorporating a horizontal line rating scale for each response. The questions are worded as "how strong is your feeling of" with anchors of "not all" to "extremely." The range is 0 mm (min) to 100 (max). A summation (area under the curve) will be calculated. Snacks were consumed at +0 min.
Perceived Prospective Food Consumption
时间窗: -180 min, -120 min, -60 min, +0 min, + 30 min, +60 min, +90 min, +120 min, +150 min, +180 min
A questionnaire assessing how much food could be consumed will be completed at specific times throughout each of the the 6-h testing days. The questionnaire contains a 100 mm VAS incorporating a horizontal line rating scale for each response. The questions are worded as "how strong is your feeling of" with anchors of "not all" to "extremely." The range is 0 mm (min) to 100 (max). A summation (area under the curve) will be calculated. Snacks were consumed at +0 min.
次要结局
- Perceived Sweet(-180 min, -120 min, -60 min, +0 min, + 30 min, +60 min, +90 min, +120 min, +150 min, +180 min)
- Perceived Salty(-180 min, -120 min, -60 min, +0 min, + 30 min, +60 min, +90 min, +120 min, +150 min, +180 min)
- Perceived Savory(-180 min, -120 min, -60 min, +0 min, + 30 min, +60 min, +90 min, +120 min, +150 min, +180 min)
- Perceived Sleepiness(-180 min, -120 min, -60 min, +0 min, + 30 min, +60 min, +90 min, +120 min, +150 min, +180 min)
- Perceived Energy(-180 min, -120 min, -60 min, +0 min, + 30 min, +60 min, +90 min, +120 min, +150 min, +180 min)
- Perceived Alertness(-180 min, -120 min, -60 min, +0 min, + 30 min, +60 min, +90 min, +120 min, +150 min, +180 min)
- Ad libitum Snack Pack-out(3 testing days)
- Glucose Excursions Change(6 days for each treatment)
- Perceived Snack Palatability(2 testing days that include snacks)
研究者
Heather Leidy
Associate Professor
Purdue University