Additional Effects of Visual Feedback Along With Action Observation Therapy on Balance, Mobility and Cognition in Cerebral Palsy

Timed 10-meter walk test

Time Frame: 12 weeks

The test can be used to measure the gait ability and speed. The acceleration area 2.5m and deceleration area 2.5m can be marked on the ground as start and end point for the test. Participants are asked to walk for 15 minutes on comfortable flat floor at a comfortable speed and then the walking speed is recorded through stopwatch over 10 m between these points. The mean value of the three trials was used and expressed as m/s(14).

Mini Mental State Exam

Time Frame: 12 weeks

It is a cognitive screening task and scoring system for 3 to 14 years old child (25). It is presented by 11 questions involving five basic cognitive abilities i.e. attention-concentration, orientation, registration, recall and language and constructive ability. The possible score range is from 0 to 37, from which 17 or lower score indicating as moderate to severe cognitive impairment of children.

Gross Motor Function Classification Scale (GMFCS)

Time Frame: 12 weeks

Gross Motor Function measure (GMFM) is the valid and standard observational instrument to measure change in gross motor function in CP children. The tool consists of 66 items with 5 dimensions. These dimensions are the major motor functions i.e. supine/rolling, sitting, crawling/kneeling, standing and walking/running/jumping. Each task is rated according to the scoring guidelines i.e. higher score indicated better gross motor function. Each GMFM item is graded on 4-point scale i.e. 0 for unable to initiate the task, 1 for able to initiate the task, 2 for able to perform the task partially and 3 for able to perform the task completely. At the end these score summed up into total score. The component B,C,D and E of GMFCS will be used in this study respectively.

Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS)

Time Frame: 12 weeks

PBS is a modified form of Berg Balance Scale (BSS) which was developed for balance measurement in CP child. It can be performed without specialized equipment and is easy to administrate. It includes 14 items with 5-level grading to assess the functional activities that child must safely and independently form at home, community, activities including sitting balance, sit to stand/stand to sit, transfer, stepping, reaching forward, reaching to floor, turning and stepping on and off at elevated surface. Each activity is rated according to scale from 0 to 4 i.e. 0 for unable to perform and 4 for able to perform without difficulty.