Comparison of the effects of intravenous ketamine and intravenous tramadol in the prevalence of shivering after spinal anesthesia in urological surgeries

Iran University of Medical Sciences0 个研究点目标入组 90 人开始时间: 待定最近更新: 2024年5月27日

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•Patients with contraindications to spinal anesthesia and presence of infection at the site of spinal anesthesia injection,
•Lack of personal consent,
•Obesity with BMI > 38 kg/m2,
•Uncontrolled type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus,
•Uncontrolled hypertension history,
•Moderate to severe valvular heart diseases,
•Neurological and psychiatric disorders such as stroke, history of brain lesions, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and schizophrenia,
•Fever exceeding 37.5 degrees Celsius at the beginning of the surgery,
•Patients with sensitivity to ketamine and its derivatives,
•Patients with sensitivity to tramadol and its derivatives,
•History of alcohol consumption, drug abuse, or misuse of sedatives-hypnotics and glucocorticosteroids,
•Presence of fungal and viral infections,
•Excessive bleeding,
•Receipt of blood products,
•Prolonged surgery duration exceeding three hours,
•History of recurrent nausea and vomiting following previous urological surgeries,
•Patients whose operating room drapes become wet during surgery.

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