Quantification and Characterization of Circulating Epithelial and Endothelial Cells in Gougerot-Sjögren Syndrome, Compared to Systemic Sclerosis

Primary Gougerot-Sjögren's syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease belonging to the group of connectivities.

The criteria for classification of the disease include dry syndrome, positive salivary gland biopsy and detection of anti-Sjögren's-syndrome-related antigen A (anti-SSA) and anti-Sjögren's-syndrome-related antigen B (anti-SSB) antibodies. The presence of antibodies is thus important for the diagnosis but not essential, because in some patients the salivary gland biopsy is positive and the antibodies are absent. Therefore, the identification of new biomarkers could be very useful to confirm the diagnosis of primary Gougerot-Sjögren's syndrome and to identify subgroups of patients.

The pathophysiology of the disease remains largely unknown. Currently, primary Gougerot-Sjögren's syndrome is thought to originate from inflammation of the epithelial tissue of the salivary glands. However, it is currently unknown whether this autoimmune epithelitis is accompanied by a contingent of circulating epithelial cells, the characterization of which might be accessible by liquid biopsy.

So far, the circulating epithelial cells that have been identified have been identified in the context of cancer: in this case they are called circulating tumor cells. Their detection during primary Gougerot-Sjögren's syndrome could reflect the intensity of epithelial aggression, and thus possibly constitute a biomarker.

In other connectivities, data on circulating cells have already been published. In systemic scleroderma, another connectivitis affecting mainly middle-aged women, circulating progenitor cells have already been detected and are thought to have the capacity to differentiate into endothelial cells, thus playing a potentially important role in the pathophysiology of the disease.