Comparison of The Effects of Different Stretching Techniques in Overhead Athletes
- Conditions
- Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit
- Interventions
- Other: Static Stretching Group GroupOther: Post Isometric Relaxation GroupOther: Isolytic Stretching Group
- Registration Number
- NCT04687696
- Lead Sponsor
- Dokuz Eylul University
- Brief Summary
78 overhead athletes with Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit (GIRD) will be included in this study. Participants will be randomly divided into 3 different groups of 26 people. In each group will be applied posterior shoulder stretching exercises (PSSE) performed with different Muscle Energy Techniques (MET).
- Detailed Description
Post Isometric Relaxation Group (PIRG) participants will perform a PSSE with post isometric relaxation (PIR) technique, Isolytic Stretching Group (ISG) participants will perform a a PSSE with isolytic stretching technique and Static Stretching Group Group (SSG) participants will perform a PSSE with static stretching technique. All exercises will be performed in the modified crossbody position, for 5 times a week total of 6 weeks. Subacromial space, posterior capsule and muscle tendon thicknesses will be measured using a 7-12 MHz linear transducer with USG (LOGIQ e Ultrasound, GE Healthcare, USA). Athletes' GIRD results and rotational ROM measurements and Posterior shoulder tightness will be measured and recorded using a bubble inclinometer (Fabrication End Inc, New York, USA). Scapula kinematics (posterior tilt, upward rotation) will be evaluated with a digital inclinometer. Shoulder and scapular muscles will be evaluated with hend held dynamometer. Tightness of Levator scapulae and pectoralis minor will be assessed. The upper extremity functional performance of the athletes will be evaluated with the Functional Throwing Performance Index (FTPI). Evaluations will be performed before training program and repeated after 6 weeks of training, and at the 1st, 3th and 6th months after training program is completed and the effects of different muscle energy techniques (MET) will be compared. Investigators hypothesized 6 weeks of PSSE with different MET would have different effects on Acromio-Humeral Distance, posterior capsule thickness, muscle tendon thickness, rotational ROM measurements, scapula kinematics, muscle strength, posterior shoulder tightness and performance on overhead athletes with GIRD and the effects of MET would be superior to static stretching.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- NOT_YET_RECRUITING
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 78
- Being overhead athlete
- Glenohumeral internal rotation range of motion of the affected shoulder should be less than other shoulder and bilateral shoulder internal rotation range of motion difference should be ≥15 º
- Shoulder pain required medical attention for the last year.
- Current shoulder pain
- Cervical pain during upper extremity movement
- History of fracture to the shoulder girdle
- Systemic musculoskeletal disease
- History of shoulder surgery,
- Glenohumeral instability (positive apprehension, relocation, or positive sulcus test) or positive findings for a full thickness rotator cuff tear (positive lag sign, positive drop arm test, or marked weakness with shoulder external rotation)
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Static Stretching Group Group Static Stretching Group Group The participants in this group will receive static stretching in modified cross body position for 6 weeks. Post Isometric Relaxation Group Post Isometric Relaxation Group The participants in this group will perform post isometric relaxation stretching in modified cross body position for 6 weeks. Isolytic Stretching Group Isolytic Stretching Group The participants in this group will perform isolytic stretching in modified cross body position for 6 weeks..
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Shoulder internal rotation range of motion baseline, 6 weeks of training, at the 1st, 3th and 6th months Change of shoulder internal rotation range of motion (with bubble inclinometer)
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Posterior capsule thickness baseline, 6 weeks of training, at the 1st, 3th and 6th months Change of posterior capsule thickness ( with Ultrasound)
Isometric strength baseline, 6 weeks of training, at the 1st, 3th and 6th months Change of lower trapezius muscle, serratus anterior and rotator cuff muscles isometric strength (in kg, with hand held dynamometer)
Subacromial space baseline, 6 weeks of training, at the 1st, 3th and 6th months Change of subacromial space ( with Ultrasound)
Posterior shoulder tightness baseline, 6 weeks of training, at the 1st, 3th and 6th months Change of posterior shoulder tightness (with bubble inclinometer)
Shoulder Total rotation range of motion baseline, 6 weeks of training, at the 1st, 3th and 6th months Change of shoulder internal rotation + external rotation range of motion (with bubble inclinometer)
Muscle Shortness baseline, 6 weeks of training, at the 1st, 3th and 6th months Levator scapula and pectoralis minor shortness (with caliper and tape measure)
Muscle tendon thickness baseline, 6 weeks of training, at the 1st, 3th and 6th months Change of supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor tendon thicknesses ( with Ultrasound)
Scapula kinematics baseline, 6 weeks of training, at the 1st, 3th and 6th months Posterior tilt and upward rotation of the scapula during arm elevation (with digital inclinometer)
Functional Throwing Performance Index baseline, 6 weeks of training, at the 1st, 3th and 6th months Participants will throw a ball to shot a frame on a wall. Number of correct shots will be recorded.
Eccentric strength baseline, 6 weeks of training, at the 1st, 3th and 6th months Change of shoulder abduction and external rotation eccentric strength (in kg, with hand held dynamometer)