Effect of Use of DryNites Absorbent Pants on the Rate of Spontaneous Resolution of Paediatric Nocturnal Enuresis (NE)

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: Nocturnal Enuresis

Interventions: Device: DryNites Pyjama Pants

Registration Number: NCT04620356

Lead Sponsor: Kimberly-Clark Corporation

Brief Summary: Children vary in the age at which they achieve night-time dryness; in almost all cases children will stop bed-wetting without any need for treatment. Use of absorbent pants for the management of nocturnal enuresis is controversial regarding the impact on the speed at which children become dry throughout the night. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of using DryNites absorbent pants in children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis on the speed they become dry throughout the night compared with removing absorbent pants.

Detailed Description: Children with severe monosymptomatic NE between 4 and 8 years of age were recruited from study centers in Denmark, Belgium, and the UK. All participants had used absorbents pandt of any manufacturer for at least the previous 6 months. Participants fulfilling the inclusion criteria entered a 4-week run-in period during which they slept wearing the intervention absorbent pant. To be eligible for randomization, participants needed to have 7/7 wet nights in the last week of the run-in period. Eligible participants were then randomly assigned (2:1) to either discontinuation or continuation of absorbent pants for the 4-week core intervention period. The children sleeping without absorbent pants were permitted to sleep with an absorbent bed mat instead. No behavioral changes such as fluid restriction or lifting the child to the toilet when the parents went to bed were allowed in either group. After completing the core intervention period, participants were invited to take part in a 4-week extension period, during which they would remain on their randomly assigned treatment. Number of wet nights were assesed during the study using an electronic diary. Quality- of- life (QoL) and sleep parameters were assessed using the following validated questionnaires: Paediatric Incontinence Questionnaire (PinQ), World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version Paediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS), and Checklist Individual Strength. Questionnaires were completed jointly by children and parents.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 105

Inclusion Criteria

Patient aged between 4-8 years at the time of enrollment
Have a clinical diagnosis of monosymptomatic primary NE
Have been dry in the day for >/= 6 months prior to enrollment
Have on average no more than 1 dry night per month during the past 6 months at enrollment
Have an informed consent signed by the their parent(s)/carer(s)

Exclusion Criteria

Children in foster/court care
Have implemented any previous intervention to address NE (use of prescribed alarm schedule, desmopressin, imipramine, anticholinergics) or withdrawal of pants/nappies for > 7 days in the previous 6 months
Have secondary NE
Have wetting in the day
Have faecal soiling
Have known urinary tract disease
Have diabetes
Receive any regular intake of medication
Have a known developmental/neurological disorder
Have links to Kimberly-Clark of any kind (including family relations employed by Kimberly-Clark, holding stocks or share in Kimberly-Clark)

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
DryNites arm	DryNites Pyjama Pants	Participants in this arm use DryNites every night for 4 weeks ("run-in" period), an additional 4 weeks (intervention "core trial" period), and an optional additional 4 weeks ("extension" period). All participants in this arm also receive absorbent bad mats to use every night.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Wet Nights	Last week of the 4-week intervention period	Average number of wet nights

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Impact of Urinary Incontinence on Emotional Wellbeing of Child as Assessed by Paediatric Incontinence Questionnaire (PinQ)	Assessment will be done at each study clinic visit (Day 56 +/- 7)	The PinQ will be used to assess the child's QoL. The PinQ is a validated cross-cultural continence-specific paediatric QoL questionnaire to assess children with bladder dysfunction, developed by Bower el al (Bower et al. 2006). It is available as self-rated and proxy versions. This will be completed by the child themselves in the older participant group and will be completed by the parent/carer on behalf of the child in the younger participant group. The PinQ measures the emotional impact that urinary incontinence has on a child. It consists of 20 urinary incontinence QoL related questions divided in 2 dimensions: intrinsic (14 items) and extrinsic (6 items), which are graded on a scale of 0 to 4 (0=No, 1=Hardly ever,2=Sometimes, 3=Often, 4=All the time) with a score range of 0 to 80. The total score indicates the impact urinary incontinence has on the child's QoL with the higher scores indicating a more significant effect.
Impact of Child Nighttime Enuresis on Parent/Carer Quality of Life as Assessed by the WHOQoL-BREF Questionnaire	Assessment will be done at each study clinic visit (Day 56 +/- 7)	The WHOQoL-BREF questionnaire (WHO 1996) will be completed directly by the parent/carer. . The WHOQoL-BREF questionnaire is derived from a larger instrument, the WHOQoL-100. It includes 26 items, grouped in 4 domains: Physical Heath, Psychological, Social Relationships, and Environment, and 2 separate items asking the crespondent about overall perception of QoL (item 1) and an individual's overall perception of their health (item 2). The scores of items 3, 4 and 5, which are negatively phrased, need to be reversed. The mean score of items within each domain is used to calculate the domain scores, which are converted into a 0-100 scale. Higher scores denote higher QoL. Where more than 20% of data is missing from an assessment, the assessment should be discarded. Where an item is missing, the mean of other items in the domain is substituted. Where more than 2 items are missing from the domain, the domain score should not be calculated
Child Daytime Sleepiness as Assessed by PDSS Questionnaire	Assessment will be done at each study clinic visit (Day 56 +/- 7)	The Paeditric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) questionnaire measures daytime sleepiness in children. It is comprised of 8 items assessing daytime sleepiness and rated on a 5-point scale with 0 = Never and 4 = Always/Very Often. The scale ranges from 0 to 32. The questionnaire will be completed by the child themselves (with attendance of an adult) in the older participant group and by the parent/carer on behalf of the child in the younger participant group. Higher scores indicate greater daytime sleepiness. Higher scores indicate greater daytime sleepiness, and were associated with reduced total sleep time, poorer school achievement, poorer anger control, and frequent illness.
Parent/Carer Fatigue as Assessed by Checklist Individual Strength (CIS Questionnaire)	Assessment will be done at each study clinic visit (Day 56 +/- 7 )	The CIS questionnaire was used to assess the parents' sleep. It was completed directly by the parent/carer. The CIS consists of 20 statements on fatigue-related problems responders might have experienced in the past 2 weeks. A Likert scoring scheme from 1 to 7 ranging from 1-"no, that is not true" to 7-"yes, that is true" with items 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 15 and 20 hold inverted scores. The total score ranges from 20 to 140. The questionnaire covers measures 4 dimensions of fatigue: Subjective fatigue severity (8 items), Concentration problems (5 items), Reduced motivation (4 items) and Physical activity (3 items). Dimensions can be analyzed separately, with higher scores indicating higher levels of subjective fatigue (8-56), reduced concentration (5-35), reduced motivation (4-28), and lower levels of physical activity (3-21). A total score over 76 is considered at risk of a fatigue disorder, while 36 provides the cutoff score on the subjective experience of fatigue sub-scale