Anxiety Self-Management for ICU Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Anxiety

Interventions: Behavioral: Anxiety Self-Management, Patient preferred relaxing music

Registration Number: NCT00440700

Lead Sponsor: University of Minnesota

Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to test whether patients who are receiving mechanical ventilation in the ICU who listened to preferred, relaxing music whenever they desire for as long as they desire will have less anxiety, receive fewer medications, stay in the ICU for a shorter time, and experience less stress than patients who do not listen to music.

Detailed Description: A three group randomized trial with repeated measures. Participants are assigned by chance to one of three groups: 1) patient-directed, as desired music listening through headphones, 2) noise-canceling headphones only, or 3) usual care. Participants remain in the study, up to 30 days, as long as they are receiving mechanical ventilation in the ICU, choose to withdraw, or become unable to complete the daily anxiety assessments. Information is collected daily on patient-perceived anxiety levels (visual analog scale \& State Anxiety Inventory), ventilator settings, and all medications received. Urine is collected each day the participant is on the ventilator to determine level of stress (cortisol) if the kidneys are functioning appropriately and the participant is not receiving medications known to influence cortisol levels.

Mechanical ventilation is a common treatment for respiratory problems for patients in the ICU. Patients receiving mechanical ventilation experience much anxiety and distress from the placement of the endotracheal tube (breathing tube) and the mechanical ventilator itself. The usual treatment for these symptoms are medications, which are very potent and have numerous adverse side effects, removing patient involvement and control from managing these symptoms. Music has been shown to decrease anxiety and promote relaxation in limited, single listening intervention studies with patients in the ICU on ventilators. This study tests whether having patients listen to preferred music (familiar \& comforting) whenever feeling anxious and wanting to relax for as long as they would like to listen to music through headphones throughout the entire time they are on the ventilator can improve outcomes such as less anxiety, shorter time on the ventilator, receipt of fewer medications, and less stress when compared to patients who do not listen to music while they are on the ventilator. Results from this study will advance nursing science by providing evidence on the efficacy of a simple, self-directed intervention that the millions of patients who receive mechanical ventilation each year in the ICU can use themselves to treat the very common symptoms of anxiety and distress. Results from this study will expand the knowledge base of adjunctive interventions that can be implemented in the ICU to involve patients directly in managing their own symptoms, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Patients who are alert and can provide consent are invited to participate if they are on the ventilator in one of the participating ICUs. Patients remain in the study for as long as they are on the ventilator (up to 30 days) and can provide daily assessment of their anxiety levels. Patients are free to withdraw, however, at any time. Patients randomized to music receive an assessment of their music preferences by a professional music therapist. The music therapist then develops a music collection for each participant, based in individual preferences, that is kept at the bedside throughout the duration of being on the ventilator. The music therapist also visits with music participants' daily to determine if preferences have changed and if he/she desires additional music compact disks (CDs) to be kept at the bedside. Data is collected from the medical record on all medications and ventilator settings each day the participant is enrolled in the study. All urine is collected each day the participant remains in the study if the kidneys are functioning properly and the participant is not receiving medications known to influence cortisol, a marker for an integrative level of stress.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 364

Inclusion Criteria

Any patient who is alert, on the ventilator because there is some condition involving the lungs preventing him/her from breathing on his/her own and willing and able to provide own consent.

Exclusion Criteria

On the ventilator because of a surgical procedure, not alert and unable to provide own consent.

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Patient-directed music	Anxiety Self-Management, Patient preferred relaxing music	Patients select preferred music for listening through headphones whenever they like for as long as they like whenever feeling anxious, desire some rest and quiet time, or for listening enjoyment while mechanically ventilated in the ICU.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Sedative Exposure	Daily up to 30 days	Sedative exposure was measured by: 1) the number (dose frequency) of sedative medication doses administered in a 4-hour time period each day and 2) by an aggregate dose intensity of sedative medications administered in a 4-hour time period each day based on all subjects receiving sedative medications on any individual study day yielding a sedation intensity score. A sedation intensity score was calculated for each study group each study protocol day, up to 30 days. Higher sedation intensity scores indicate more sedative exposure. If a subject did not receive any sedation, the sedative exposure score is zero for that respective day.
State Anxiety	Daily up to 30 days	Participants reported their current level of anxiety each day enrolled in the study in response to the question "how are you feeling today"/ The Visual analog scale-anxiety was used to evaluate the self-report of anxiety. Scores range from 0 = not anxious at all to 100 = the most anxious ever. Higher numbers indicate greater anxiety. Daily anxiety scores from all subjects were combined and analyzed for each group resulting in an overall mean anxiety score at the end of the study protocol of 30 days.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Length of ICU Stay	From date of ICU admission to extubation or discharge or date of death from any cause, whichever came first assessed up to 60 days	Length of ICU stay was measured in days from the first day participant was admitted to the unit until discharged, transferred, or died in the ICU. This was the total time that any participant was in the intensive care unit which could have been longer than the 30 study protocol .
Length of Mechanical Ventilatory Support	From initial intubation date to extubation or death, whichever came first, assessed up to 30 days.	Length of mechanical ventilatory support was defined as the number of days from initial intubation and placement on mechanical ventilation to the day of extubation or death for participants in each group.
Urinary Cortisol	Daily up to 30 days	Stress was measured by the biomarker urinary cortisol. 24-hour urine collections were obtained from eligible participants who were not receiving steroids or other medications known to affect cortisol and who had intact renal function. 24-hour urinary cortisol results were used as an integrative measure of stress (mg/day).