Phase I Clinical Study of HBx-based mRNA Vaccine (WGc-0201 Injection) Plus Tislelizumab in Hepahepatocellular Carcinoma With High Risk of Recurrence and Metastasis After Radical Therapy

urgical treatment represents a critical approach for HCC patients to achieve long-term survival, primarily including hepatectomy and liver transplantation. With the increasing implementation of HCC screening in China, the proportion of patients eligible for curative-intent surgical resection or ablation has risen annually. However, the 5-year tumor recurrence and metastasis rate post-surgery remains as high as 50%-70%. Postoperative adjuvant therapy has thus become essential to reduce the risk of recurrence and metastasis and improve patient survival. The target population for postoperative adjuvant therapy mainly comprises HCC patients who are suitable for surgical resection but exhibit high-risk factors for recurrence and metastasis. Currently, no internationally standardized adjuvant treatment regimen exists for patients with high postoperative recurrence and metastasis risks. While immunotherapy has demonstrated benefits for advanced HCC, its role in the adjuvant setting is still under exploration.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the primary risk factor for HCC, accounting for at least 50% of global HCC cases. In regions with high HBV prevalence-such as East and Southeast Asia, as well as sub-Saharan Africa-the proportion is even higher. While HBV-related HCC can be prevented through vaccination against HBV infection, no specific precision therapy currently exists for patients already diagnosed with HBV-positive HCC. Given that nucleic acid vaccine technology demonstrates value not only in disease prevention but also in immunotherapy-particularly mRNA therapeutic vaccines-this approach holds promise.

mRNA therapeutic vaccines represent a highly promising new modality for tumor treatment. They offer advantages such as excellent safety, long-term expression, and sustained antigen presentation. Additionally, they can mimic the natural infection process of viruses to activate the immune system, eliciting robust immune responses against tumors. Currently, no mRNA therapeutic vaccines targeting HBV-related antigens have been approved for marketing. WGc-0201 Injection is an mRNA therapeutic vaccine encoding HBV-related specific antigens. Its active ingredient consists of modified mRNA encoding HBV-related antigen proteins, formulated into an injectable preparation via lipid nanoparticle (LNP) encapsulation. Preclinical safety evaluations have demonstrated that this vaccine exhibits low toxicity and good tolerability. Building on these preliminary results, this study aims to further evaluate its potential.