Resistance Training to Individuals for Cognitive Impairment With Dementia
- Conditions
- Mild DementiaMild Cognitive Impairment
- Interventions
- Other: Three Resistance Training Sets (8 Weeks)Other: Control (8 Weeks)Other: One Resistance Training Set (Single Session)Other: Three Resistance Training Sets (Single Session)Other: One Resistance Training Set (8 Weeks)
- Registration Number
- NCT06185010
- Lead Sponsor
- University of Beira Interior
- Brief Summary
This research project aims to analyze the effects of different resistance training volumes on cognitive function, oxidative stress, immunological response, lipid profile, glycemic status, liver function, muscle function, hemodynamic response, and physical performance in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. First the investigators will analyze the effects of a single resistance training session (acute effects) with one and three sets on hemodynamic and physical performance in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. After, the investigators will analyze the effects of an 8-week resistance training program with one or three sets on cognitive function, oxidative stress, immunological response, lipid profile, glycemic status, liver function, muscle function, hemodynamic response, and physical performance in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. The investigators hypothesize that a single resistance training session of one or three sets will increase the acute hemodynamic and physical performance stress in individuals with mild cognitive impairment, although with a higher magnitude in the session with three sets. Furthermore, we hypothesize that eight weeks of resistance training with one or three sets will induce similar improvements in cognitive function, oxidative stress, immunological response, lipid profile, glycemic status, liver function, muscle function, hemodynamic response, and physical performance in individuals with mild cognitive impairment.
- Detailed Description
Following specific inclusion and exclusion criteria (see Eligibility Criteria), participants will be recruited from residential care facilities or day centers. For the acute effects study (cross-over study), participants will randomly perform two resistance training sessions separated by one week of rest: i) one session with one set and ii) another session of three sets. The intensity of the exercises, number of repetitions, type and order of exercises, movement velocity, and rest time between exercises will be the same in both groups. Before, immediately after, and 72 hours after the sessions, a battery of tests will be applied to evaluate the changes in blood pressure, heart rate, tympanic temperature, medicine ball throw distance, five-repetition sit-to-stand time, and handgrip strength. Afterward, participants will be randomly assigned into a one-set or three-set group to perform an eight-week resistance training intervention. As for the acute effects study, the prescription of the other acute training variables will be the same for both groups. A control group (without any form of physical exercise), recruited at the beginning of the research project, will also be part of the study. Before and after the intervention, a battery of tests will be applied to determine the training program's impact on cognitive function, oxidative stress, immunological response, lipid profile, glycemic status, liver function, muscle function, hemodynamic response, and physical performance in individuals with mild cognitive impairment.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- RECRUITING
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 80
Not provided
Not provided
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- FACTORIAL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Three Resistance Training Sets (8 Weeks) Three Resistance Training Sets (8 Weeks) The participants will perform eight weeks of resistance training (two sessions per week, separated by 72 hours of rest) with three sets. Control (8 Weeks) Control (8 Weeks) The participants will not perform any form of physical exercise during the intervention period of eight weeks. One Resistance Training Set (Single Session) One Resistance Training Set (Single Session) The participants will perform one resistance training session with one set. Three Resistance Training Sets (Single Session) Three Resistance Training Sets (Single Session) The participants will perform one resistance training session with three sets. One Resistance Training Set (8 Weeks) One Resistance Training Set (8 Weeks) The participants will perform eight weeks of resistance training (two sessions per week, separated by 72 hours of rest) with one set.
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) Change from baseline until week 8 In the eight-week study, the SPPB will determine the overall level of functional performance through three tests: balance (feet side by side, semi tandem, tandem), 4-meter walking, and 5-repetition sit-to-stand.
Systolic blood pressure (SBP) Change from baseline to 0 minutes and 72 hours after the sessions In the cross-over study (acute effects), the SBP will be assessed through a blood pressure device.
Handgrip strength (HGS) Change from baseline to 0 minutes and 72 hours after the sessions In the cross-over study (acute effects), the HGS will be assessed through an analogic dynamometer.
Dementia Rating Scale-2 (DRS-2) Change from baseline to week 8 In the eight-week study, the DRS-2 questionnaire will be applied to analyze the overall level of cognitive function through five subscales: attention, initiation/perseveration, construction, conceptualization, and memory.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Change from baseline to week 8 In the eight-week study, the BDNF protein levels will be analyzed through specific blood testing kits.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Five-repetition sit-to-stand (5STS) Change from baseline to 0 minutes and 72 hours after the sessions In the cross-over study (acute effects), the 5STS time will be recorded through a chronometer.
Oxidative stress Change from baseline to week 8 In the eight-week study, oxidative stress markers (carbonylated proteins) will be analyzed through specific blood testing kits.
Lipid Profile Change from baseline to week 8 In the eight-week study, the lipid profile (LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides) will be analyzed through specific blood testing kits.
Load-velocity profiles Change from baseline to week 8 In the eight-week study, the load-velocity profiles will be analyzed using the velocity values (recorded with a linear velocity transducer) associated with the absolute loads used during the progressive loading tests in the horizontal leg press and seated chest press machines.
Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) Change from baseline to 0 minutes and 72 hours after the sessions In the cross-over study (acute effects), the DBP will be assessed through a blood pressure device.
Heart rate (HR) Change from baseline to 0 minutes and 72 hours after the sessions In the cross-over study (acute effects), the HR will be assessed through a blood pressure device.
Tympanic temperature (TT) Change from baseline to 0 minutes and 72 hours after the sessions In the cross-over study (acute effects), the TT will be assessed through a tympanic thermometer.
1-kg Medicine Ball Throw (MBT) Change from baseline to week 8 In the eight-week study, the MBT distance will be recorded with a tape measure.
Inflammatory markers Change from baseline to week 8 In the eight-week study, inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10) will be analyzed through specific blood testing kits.
HbA1c Change from baseline to week 8 In the eight-week study, the HbA1c will be analyzed through specific blood testing kits.
Ten-meters walking Change from baseline to week 8 In the eight-week study, the 10-meter walking time will be measured through a chronometer.
Muscle Damage Change from baseline to week 8 In the eight-week study, the muscle damage (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase) will be analyzed through specific blood testing kits.
One-repetition maximum (1RM) Change from baseline to week 8 In the eight-week study, a progressive loading test until reaching the 1RM will be applied in the horizontal leg press and seated chest press machines.
Handgrip strength (HGS) Change from baseline to week 8 In the eight-week study, the HGS will be assessed through an analogic dynamometer.
6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) Change from baseline to week 8 In the eight-week study, the 6MWT distance will be assessed by multiplying the number of total laps by the lap distance (e.g., 10 laps x 10 meters).
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
University of Beira Interior
🇵🇹Covilhã, Portugal