The Impact of Patient Safety Education Through Peer Education Model on Patent Safety Competence and Medical Error Attitudes of Student Nurses: A Randomized Controlled Study

The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines patient safety as "the prevention of errors related to health services and negative effects on patients". In our country, within the scope of the Ministry of Health Quality Standards in Health, patient safety is defined as "measures and improvement activities that can be taken to keep all foreseeable hazards that may cause harm to all stakeholders receiving services at an acceptable level of risk".Patient safety is a global problem that concerns many countries around the world. This problem stems from the large number of reported patient outcomes related to medical errors . Medical errors can cause permanent injuries and prolonged hospital stays and even death in patients. According to the World Health Organisation, one in 10 patients is seriously harmed by medical errors. Prevention of medical errors and their effects is the main goal of patient safety. ICN has stated that in order to increase patient safety, comprehensive measures should be taken in recruitment, training and retention of professional health care personnel, fight against infection, safe use of drugs, improvement of their performance, device safety, healthy practice and care environment, environmental safety and risk management, and scientific knowledge on patient safety and the infrastructure that will enable its development should be combined as a whole.

It is the responsibility of all healthcare professionals to prevent and prevent medical errors and to ensure patient safety. In this context, considering the time nurses spend with patients, it is also indispensable for nursing care. For this reason, it is of great importance to determine the attitudes of health professionals in medical errors in order to reduce medical error rates, thus ensuring patient safety and increasing trust in health institutions.

Medical errors caused by healthcare professionals are preventable errors, and patient safety can be ensured by creating an effective and strong patient safety culture through trainings. Medical errors and risks can be minimised by establishing and developing a patient safety culture and adopting it by all healthcare professionals and future healthcare professionals (students). It is very important to educate nursing students, who will be the health professionals of the future, about patient safety in order to provide safe and quality health care. Encountering a new patient in the practice area and performing any application to this patient for the first time may cause anxiety and fear in students, which may lead students to make medical errors. Teaching the basic concept of patient safety through patient safety education in nursing undergraduate programmes is an important step towards ensuring patient safety and quality in clinical practice, in addition to helping nursing students see the "big picture" for safer care and to have a good knowledge of basic principles before providing nursing care in the clinical field.

Nursing students in recent years are more present in clinics and learn how to communicate with patients and work with other health professionals, which can increase their patient safety competence. To effectively improve student patient safety competence, it is necessary to develop and implement a range of teaching methods such as clinical practice as well as laboratory/simulation sessions . It is also recommended to create actionable strategies that bring together administrators, educators, students and patients to coordinate teaching with the clinic by evaluating whether there is a change in students' knowledge, skills and behaviours in quality and patient safety with objective methods. In line with these recommendations, it is very important that the courses given in undergraduate education are given with an innovative approach to increase patient safety and quality of care.

One of the effective educational methods that facilitate health promotion and create an appropriate learning environment is peer education. A peer is an individual who belongs to the same social group as the learner and is believed to have similar abilities to the learner and can act as a strong motivator in learning. Peers can communicate better, share their experiences and encourage each other to adopt appropriate health behaviours. Peer teaching, an effective educational approach for nursing students, is based on Bandura's social learning theory, which assumes that learning alone restricts the person to observe the attitudes of others. Recently, the peer education model has been proposed as an alternative to traditional educational approaches as it is recognised to have many advantages.