The Impact of Interdental Spacing and Crown Width Discrepancy in Primary Dentition on the Perception of Smile Esthetics
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 尚未招募
- 入组人数
- 234
- 主要终点
- Perception of Smile Esthetics Assessed by Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
研究概览
简要总结
This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate how interdental spacing and crown width discrepancies in primary dentition influence the perception of smile esthetics. Standardized smile photographs obtained from children with physiologic spacing patterns will be digitally modified to create different dental scenarios, including variations in interdental spacing, midline deviation, and crown width discrepancies. The images will be presented to adult participants, including dental students and parents, who will evaluate the esthetic appearance of each smile using a visual analog scale (VAS). The study seeks to determine how different spacing patterns and tooth size discrepancies affect the perception of smile esthetics in primary dentition.
详细描述
This cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the impact of interdental spacing and crown width discrepancies in primary dentition on the perception of smile esthetics. The study design was developed based on previously published studies that assessed smile esthetics using digitally modified photographs.
Selection of Photographic Samples and Photography Protocol:
Smile photographs will be obtained from two cooperative children in the primary dentition stage who present with healthy anterior teeth and no caries, restorations, enamel defects, history of trauma, or other dental pathology. One child will present with physiologic interdental spacing representing ideal primary dentition (Baume Type I), and the other will present with contact relationships without physiologic spacing (Baume Type II) but without crowding. Prior to photography, written informed consent will be obtained from the parents both for participation in the study and for the use of smile photographs showing the region between the tip of the nose and the lower border of the chin. Standardized smile photographs will be taken under controlled conditions to ensure reliable esthetic evaluation. Images will be captured using a Canon 750D digital camera with a 100-mm macro lens under natural lighting conditions, avoiding direct sunlight, at an approximate distance of 60 cm. Participants will be positioned in natural head position and asked to produce a natural smile with visible teeth. To ensure confidentiality and eliminate distracting facial features, photographs will be cropped between the tip of the nose and the lower border of the chin, and the eye region will be covered with a black bar.
Digital Image Modifications: The original smile photograph representing Baume Type I dentition will be digitally modified using image editing software (Photoshop CC, Version 25.12.0 Mac; Adobe) to create different dental scenarios. The following conditions will be generated:
Baume Type I: Physiologic interdental spacing in the anterior region with a symmetrical and pathology-free appearance.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Cohort
- 时间视角
- Cross Sectional
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •For photographic records (two children):
- •Children without any systemic disease
- •Children in the primary dentition stage
- •Children able to cooperate during the photographic procedure
- •Children whose parents or legal guardians have provided written informed consent for participation and for the use of smile photographs
- •One child presenting physiologic interdental spacing
- •One child presenting no physiologic interdental spacing
- •For esthetic perception evaluation:
- •Third-, fourth-, or fifth-year dental students
- •Parents presenting to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry for their children's routine dental treatment
- •Individuals who voluntarily agree to participate and provide informed consent
排除标准
- •Photographs that do not comply with the standardized photography protocol defined in the study
- •Multiple photographs taken of the same teeth or the same tooth surfaces
- •Out-of-focus or blurred images
- •Images that are overexposed, underexposed, or taken under inadequate lighting conditions
- •Photographs with saliva contamination or other artifacts affecting image quality
- •Participants who do not complete the evaluation of all images
研究组 & 干预措施
Dental Students
Third-, fourth-, and fifth-year dental students aged 18 years and older who will evaluate digitally modified smile photographs using a visual analog scale.
Parents
Parents aged 18 years and older who will evaluate digitally modified smile photo
结局指标
主要结局
Perception of Smile Esthetics Assessed by Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
时间窗: Single assessment during one evaluation session
The esthetic perception of each digitally modified smile image will be evaluated by adult participants using a 0-100 mm visual analog scale (VAS), where 0 indicates "very unattractive" and 100 indicates "very attractive."
次要结局
未报告次要终点
研究者
Betul Sen Yavuz
Principal Investigator
Marmara University