Comparative evaluation of digital and conventional impression methods in pediatric patients: A randomized crossover trial

In pediatric dentistry, dental impressions are fundamental for diagnostic assessment and treatment planning, particularly in managing the growing orthodontic needs of children. Conventional impressions often cause discomfort, gagging, TMJ pain and anxiety, making cooperation difficult. They also carry technical drawbacks such as distortion and long setting times. Digital impressions using intraoral scanners offer an alternative by generating 3D images of the dentition and reducing lab work. However, in children aged 7–14, factors like smaller oral cavities, mixed dentition, and limited access to posterior areas may affect their accuracy. Stress during dental procedures can lead to increased heart rate, rapid breathing, and reduced oxygen saturation—physiological changes influenced by anxiety and fear. While previous studies have focused on preferences and procedural time, few have assessed these objective stress indicators This study aims to bridge these gaps by comprehensively comparing digital and conventional providing clinically relevant insights to enhance pediatric dental care A randomized crossover study will be conducted on 40 participants, each receiving both conventional and digital impressions, with a one week washout period between procedures. Block randomization will determine the order of procedures, with allocations concealed in sealed, opaque envelopes which will be opened at the time of impression. Conventional Alginate impressions of upper arch will be taken using hand-mixed alginate and poured with type III gypsum. Digital impressions of upper arch will be recorded using an intraoral scanner following manufacturer guidelines. Chairside time will be recorded for each method. Physiological responses—pulse rate and oxygen saturation—will be recorded before, during, and after each procedure using a wireless pulse oximeter. Maxillary arch distances will be conducted using vernier calipers on the cast poured from the alginate impression and digitally in the intraoral scanner via the software ruler, with specific reference points. After both sessions, patient preference will be recorded, and subjective feedback on pain, gag reflex, breathing difficulty, and comfort will be assessed using the Wong-Baker FACES® Scale. The results will be tabulated and statistically analysed