Neonatal Warming to Prevent Hypothermia

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: Hypothermia

Interventions: Device: Neonatal warming mattress
Device: Sterile polyethylene wrap

Registration Number: NCT04827394

Lead Sponsor: University of Oklahoma

Brief Summary: Researchers are proposing a pilot randomized controlled trial evaluating the benefit of immediately warming preterm babies using a warming mattress and a plastic wrap, while delaying clamping the umbilical cord at the time of c-section in babies born between 32 and 36 weeks to determine if it reduces the risk of hypothermia.

Detailed Description: The trial will be advertised and introduced to patients admitted to the OU Children's Hospital labor and delivery or antepartum units by research nurses. Interested participants will be consented. Researchers are choosing to only include patients undergoing non-emergent cesarean in order to improve their ability to control parameters such as room temperature and labor-related clinical or subclinical maternal infection, which are known confounders. Further, they are limiting their investigation to fetuses 32-36 weeks gestation, since this population represents the largest preterm delivery population. Recruitment and randomization will be stratified by gestational age with an aim to enroll at least 44 pregnancies at 32-34 weeks and 6 days and 20 pregnancies between 35-36 weeks and 6 days. Last, it is impossible to recruit patients outside of the inpatient setting for a study investigating preterm delivery, as such deliveries are rarely predictable in the outpatient setting. There will only be one site for this study, the OU Children's Hospital labor and delivery and antepartum units.

The proposed study is a pragmatic randomized controlled pilot trial of neonatal warming techniques with participants allocated in a 1:1 ratio using a random block allocation table using blocks of size 4 and 6 that are stratified by gestational age ranges of 35-36 weeks and 6 days and 32-34 weeks and 6 days. Since there cannot be a placebo intervention, neither the patient nor the neonatal team will be blinded to the group assignment. The group assignments will be made and coded by a third party at the time of randomization. Patients will be randomized to their respective groups immediately prior to surgery.

The surgical technician will be provided with the necessary neonatal wraps and mattresses in a sterile fashion, and they will ensure these are available on the surgical field once the cesarean has begun. In the intervention group, the thermal mattress will be activated immediately prior to hysterotomy and placed on the sterile field with delivery of the infant directly onto the mattress. The infant will be dried, stimulated and bulb suctioned as deemed necessary per standard of care followed by wrapping. In the non-intervention group, the infant will be delivered onto the sterile field, dried and suctioned as deemed necessary per OU standard. Cord clamping will be delayed for 60 seconds in all infants under the supervision of both the obstetrician and the neonatal resuscitation team. If either team believes delayed cord clamping is no longer considered safe, as is usual protocol, the cord will be clamped and cut and the baby will be handed off to the neonatology team. After the infant is handed to the neonatology team along with all group assignment specific materials (neonatal wrap and thermal mattress, if in the intervention group), neonatal temperature will be assessed immediately upon arrival to the resuscitation warmer using a digital thermometer placed in the axillary space. Infant temperature will be recorded at 1) arrival to the warmer, 2) after the neonatologist deems that in-room resuscitation is complete and 3) at admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Mother Baby Unit (MBU) or Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) depending on the baby's needs; determined by the resuscitating physicians. These measurements will be recorded by research nurses in a data collection sheet. Further, the research nurse will record the time from delivery to the time it takes for the infant to arrive at the warmer. Upon arrival at the warmer, the mattress and wrap will be removed as neonatal evaluation takes place.

As immediate neonatal temperature is not generally discussed with patients unless there is an issue such as concern for infection, neonatal temperature will not be routinely discussed with all participants. Only if there is concern for neonatal infection or if there is hyperthermia (\>37.5 degrees C) will the study results be discussed with the patient.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: Female

Target Recruitment: 52

Inclusion Criteria

Patients who have non-emergent cesarean deliveries (defined as at least 2 hours prior to planned cesarean)
Gestational age between 32 weeks and 0 days and 36 weeks and 6 days determined per usual clinical parameters

Exclusion Criteria

Fetal anomalies or death
Maternal diabetes
Neonates with blistering skin conditions
Reversed end diastolic umbilical artery flow
Placental abruption
Chorioamnionitis
Monochorionic multifetal pregnancies
Inability to provide consent
Provider perception that patient is in significant pain and provider perceived contraindications to delayed cord clamping.

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Intervention group	Sterile polyethylene wrap	In the intervention group, the infant will be placed on the thermal mattress, then wrapped.
Intervention group	Neonatal warming mattress	In the intervention group, the infant will be placed on the thermal mattress, then wrapped.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Temperature at Arrival to Warmer	3 minutes	Temperature at arrival to the Warmer

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Need for NICU Admission	24 hours	Whether or not infant was admitted to NICU
Composite	Through hospital discharge up to 3 months	Composite neonatal morbidity (if applicable)
Hypothermia at NICU/Recovery	Through hospital discharge up to 3 months	Hypothermia at NICU admission /Recovery
Hypothermia at Completion of Resuscitation	Through hospital discharge up to 3 months	Hypothermia at the Completion of Resuscitation
Age to Wean to Crib	Through hospital discharge up to 3 months	Age to wean to crib in days
Temperature at NICU/Recovery	24 hours	Temperature at admission to NICU/Recovery
Peak Bilirubin	Through hospital discharge up to 3 months	Highest bilirubin level of infant based on blood test
Length of Hospital Stay	Through hospital discharge up to 3 months	Length of hospital stay in days
Hyperthermia (>37.5C) at Warmer	Through hospital discharge up to 3 months	Hyperthermia (\>37.5C) at arrival to Warmer
Duration of Respiratory Support	Through hospital discharge up to 3 months	Duration of respiratory support in the form of intubation or continuous positive airway pressure (if applicable)
Length of Delayed Cord Clamp	Up to 60 seconds after birth	Length of delayed cord clamp in seconds
Hypoglycemia	24 hours	Hypoglycemia (less than 30mg/dL in the first 24 hours)
Temperature at Exit	3 minutes	The temperature at exit is only available for n=21 in treatment groups and n=19 in control group.
Hypothermia at Warmer	Immediately after cord clamping (up to 60 seconds after birth)	Number of infants with hypothermia at time of arrival to warmer