Antibody-mediated NMDA Receptor Encephalitis: Symptoms, Biomarkers, and Mechanisms of the Prolonged Recovery Stage

Gender

时间窗: 18 months

Male or female

Allergies

时间窗: 18 months

List of allergies of each participant

Age

时间窗: 18 months

Age measured in years

Treatments

时间窗: 18 months

All treatments in which the participant is being involved.

Vision condition

时间窗: 18 months

Studied by optometer

Handedness

时间窗: 18 months

Right- or Left-handed

General medical history

时间窗: 18 months

Description of the most important issues compiled in the general medical history of the participant

Intelligence Quotient

时间窗: 18 months

Estimated through General Ability Index (GAI; from Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale - IV (WAIS-IV). This index is obtained through Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) and Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI). * Range of GAI: from 40 to 160. Higher is better. * Range of VCI: from 50 to 150. Higher is better. * Range of PRI: from 50 to 150. Higher is better. Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

Visual working memory

时间窗: 18 months

Visual Working Memory: Spatial location subtest from Weschler Memory Scale - IV (WMS-IV). \- Range of Spatial Location subtest: from 0 to 32. Higher is better. Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

Symptoms related to NMDARe

时间窗: 18 months

Detailed description of symptoms experienced before, during and after the post-acute phase of NMDARe.

HRT ISI Change - CPT3

时间窗: 18 months

Assessed by Continuous Performance Test - 3rd Version. Hit Reaction Time Inter-Stimulus Interval Change (HRT ISI Change) indicates the change in mean response speed at various ISIs. Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

Processing speed

时间窗: 18 months

Processing speed Index (PSI; from Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale - IV (WAIS-IV). Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

Phonemic fluency

时间窗: 18 months

Number of words started by letter "M" recalled in 1 minute: Range: from 0 to infinity. (Test Barcelona-Revised) (for ADULTS) Number of words started by letter "P" recalled in 1 minute + number of words started by letter "M" in 1 minute: range: from 0 to infinity (NEPSY-II) (for CHILDREN). Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

HRT - CPT3

时间窗: 18 months

Assessed by Continuous Performance Test - 3rd Version. Hit Reaction Time (HRT) is the mean response speed of correct responses from the whole administration. Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

Variability- CPT3

时间窗: 18 months

Assessed by Continuous Performance Test - 3rd Version. The amount of variability that the patient showed in 18 separate segments of the administration in relation to their own overall Hit Reaction Time Standard Deviation (HRT-SD). It is a measure of response consistency and a "within respondent" measure". Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

HRT Block Change - CPT3

时间窗: 18 months

Assessed by Continuous Performance Test - 3rd Version. Hit Reaction Time Block Change indicates the change in mean response speed across blocks. Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

Detectability - CPT3

时间窗: 18 months

Assessed by Continuous Performance Test - 3rd Version. Measures the respondent's ability to differentiate non-targets (i.e. the letter X) from targets (i.e. all other letters). Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

Omissions - CPT3

时间窗: 18 months

Assessed by Continuous Performance Test - 3rd Version. Result from a failure to respond to targets. Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

Semantic fluency

时间窗: 18 months

Number of name of animals recalled in 1 minute: range: from 0 to infinity. (Test Barcelona - Revised) (for ADULTS) Number of name of animals recalled in 1 minute + number of name of food and drinks recalled in 1 minute: from 0 to infinity (NEPSY - II) (for CHILDREN) Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

HRT-SD - CPT3

时间窗: 18 months

Assessed by Continuous Performance Test - 3rd Version. Hit Reaction Time Standard Deviation (HRT-SD) is a measure of response speed consistency during the entire administration. Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

Prensence of psychiatric symptoms or disorders in presential assessments

时间窗: 18 months

Number of participants with psychiatric symptoms/disorders following DSM-IV-TR guidelines (psychotic symptoms, symptoms of depression, symptoms of mania, global functioning).

Stroop test - color subtest

时间窗: 18 months

\- Colour: colours distinguished in 45 seconds. Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

Sleep microstructure - Delta arousals

时间窗: 18 months

It will be adapted to patient's sleep habits (\~23:00 to 07:30) using a digital polygraph (Deltamed). This includes EEG in 43 scalp channels + 11 channels for electrooculography, electrocardiography, electromyography, and audiovisual recording (sampling rate 256 Hz). Sleep stages will be scored manually (AASM criteria) using 30-s epochs, with modifications depending on sleep alterations, as reported. Parameters: \- "Delta arousals"?: yes, no or unknown

Comissions - CPT3

时间窗: 18 months

Assessed by Continuous Performance Test - 3rd Version. Comissions are made when responses are given to non-targets. Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

Sleep microstructure - First epoch of N2

时间窗: 18 months

It will be adapted to patient's sleep habits (\~23:00 to 07:30) using a digital polygraph (Deltamed). This includes EEG in 43 scalp channels + 11 channels for electrooculography, electrocardiography, electromyography, and audiovisual recording (sampling rate 256 Hz). Sleep stages will be scored manually (AASM criteria) using 30-s epochs, with modifications depending on sleep alterations, as reported. Parameters: \- First epoch of N2: minutes

Adherence to cognitive treatment - 6 months

时间窗: 6 months

Number of sessions performed in 6 months

Adherence to cognitive treatment - 9 months

时间窗: 9 months

Number of sessions performed in 9 months

Adherence to cognitive treatment - 12 months

时间窗: 12 months

Number of sessions performed in 12 months

Naming with cues

时间窗: 18 months

Assessed by: Boston Naming Test (BNT) \- Total correct with phonemic cue: from 0 to 60

Latency in naming

时间窗: 18 months

Assessed by: Boston Naming Test (BNT) \- Time to complete test in seconds

Proactive interference verbal memory

时间窗: 18 months

Assessed by: Adults: España - Complutense Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (Test de Aprendizaje Verbal España - Complutense; TAVEC); or Infants: España - Complutense Auditory-Verbal Learning Test for Children (Test de Aprendizaje Verbal España - Complutense Infantil; TAVECI) \- Interference list: range: 0 to 15. Higher is better. Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

Functional status

时间窗: 18 months

Functional status according to Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) Modified Rankin Scale: \- Range: from 0 points (no symptoms) to 6 points (dead).

Verbal working memory

时间窗: 18 months

Verbal Working Memory: Working Memory Index (WMI) from WAIS-IV. \- Range of WMI: from 50 to 150. Higher is better. Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

Phonological loop

时间窗: 18 months

Assessed by Forward order span of Digit span subtest from WAIS-IV. \- Range: from 0 to 9 Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

Verbal learning

时间窗: 18 months

Assessed by: Adults: España - Complutense Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (Test de Aprendizaje Verbal España - Complutense; TAVEC); or Infants: España - Complutense Auditory-Verbal Learning Test for Children (Test de Aprendizaje Verbal España - Complutense Infantil; TAVECI) \- Total learning: range: from 0 to 80. Higher is better. Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

Short-term verbal memory

时间窗: 18 months

Assessed by: Adults: España - Complutense Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (Test de Aprendizaje Verbal España - Complutense; TAVEC); or Infants: España - Complutense Auditory-Verbal Learning Test for Children (Test de Aprendizaje Verbal España - Complutense Infantil; TAVECI) \- Short-term memory free recall: range: 0 to 15. Higher is better. Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

Visuospatial skills

时间窗: 18 months

Number location subtest of the Visual-Object Spatial and Perceptual battery. \- Range: from 0 to 10 Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

Long-term verbal memory

时间窗: 18 months

Assessed by: Adults: España - Complutense Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (Test de Aprendizaje Verbal España - Complutense; TAVEC); or Infants: España - Complutense Auditory-Verbal Learning Test for Children (Test de Aprendizaje Verbal España - Complutense Infantil; TAVECI) \- Long-term memory free recall: range: 0 to 15. Higher is better. Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

Verbal recognition memory

时间窗: 18 months

Assessed by: Adults: España - Complutense Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (Test de Aprendizaje Verbal España - Complutense; TAVEC); or Infants: España - Complutense Auditory-Verbal Learning Test for Children (Test de Aprendizaje Verbal España - Complutense Infantil; TAVECI) \- Word-list Recognition: range: 0 to 15. Higher is better. Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

Naming

时间窗: 18 months

Assessed by: Boston Naming Test (BNT) \- Total correct: from 0 to 60 Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

Verbal discrimination memory

时间窗: 18 months

Assessed by: Adults: España - Complutense Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (Test de Aprendizaje Verbal España - Complutense; TAVEC); or Infants: España - Complutense Auditory-Verbal Learning Test for Children (Test de Aprendizaje Verbal España - Complutense Infantil; TAVECI) \- Discrimination index of word-list: False positives + omissions of recognition between 44 total words to recognize. Higher is better. Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

Verbal retention memory

时间窗: 18 months

Assessed by: Adults: España - Complutense Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (Test de Aprendizaje Verbal España - Complutense; TAVEC); or Infants: España - Complutense Auditory-Verbal Learning Test for Children (Test de Aprendizaje Verbal España - Complutense Infantil; TAVECI) \- Retention index: percentatge of Long-term memory free recall between Short-term memory free recall. Higher is better. Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

Immediate visual memory

时间窗: 18 months

Assessed by: Brief Visuospatial Memory Test - Revised (BVMT-R) \- Immediate visual memory: range: from 0 to 36. Higher is better. Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

Delayed visual memory

时间窗: 18 months

Assessed by: Brief Visuospatial Memory Test - Revised (BVMT-R) \- Delayed visual memory: range: from 0 to 12. Higher is better. Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

Visual retention memory

时间窗: 18 months

Assessed by: Brief Visuospatial Memory Test - Revised (BVMT-R) \- Retention index: percentatge of Long-term memory free recall between the Higher punctuation at Trial 2 or 3. Higher is better. Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

Visual recognition memory

时间窗: 18 months

Assessed by: Brief Visuospatial Memory Test - Revised (BVMT-R) \- Figure Recognition: range: from 0 to 6. Higher is better. Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

Visual discrimination memory

时间窗: 18 months

Assessed by: Brief Visuospatial Memory Test - Revised (BVMT-R) \- Discrimination index: figure recognized minus false positives. Range: from -6 to 6. Higher is better. Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

TMT-A

时间窗: 18 months

Trail Making Test part A (TMT-A): \- Time in seconds: from 0 to infinity. Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

TMT-B

时间窗: 18 months

Trail Making Test part B (TMT-B): \- Time in seconds: from 0 to infinity. Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

Visuospatial skills - children

时间窗: 18 months

Assessed by Arrows subtest of NEPSY-2 battery \- Range: from 0 to 20 Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

Stroop test - word subtest

时间窗: 18 months

\- Words: words read in 45 seconds Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

Stroop test - word-color subtest

时间窗: 18 months

\- Word-colour: colours distinguished in 45 seconds. Raw scores were transformed into standard T-scores (mean 50 ± standard deviation \[SD\] 10) and a score below 35 (≤ 1.5 SD below normative mean, or the equivalent ≤9th percentile) was considered significantly decreased.

Sleep microstructure - Total study time

时间窗: 18 months

It will be adapted to patient's sleep habits (\~23:00 to 07:30) using a digital polygraph (Deltamed). This includes EEG in 43 scalp channels + 11 channels for electrooculography, electrocardiography, electromyography, and audiovisual recording (sampling rate 256 Hz). Sleep stages will be scored manually (AASM criteria) using 30-s epochs, with modifications depending on sleep alterations, as reported. Parameters: \- Total sleep time: minutes

Sleep microstructure - Total sleep time

时间窗: 18 months

It will be adapted to patient's sleep habits (\~23:00 to 07:30) using a digital polygraph (Deltamed). This includes EEG in 43 scalp channels + 11 channels for electrooculography, electrocardiography, electromyography, and audiovisual recording (sampling rate 256 Hz). Sleep stages will be scored manually (AASM criteria) using 30-s epochs, with modifications depending on sleep alterations, as reported. Parameters: \- Total sleep time: minutes

Sleep microstructure - Sleep efficiency

时间窗: 18 months

It will be adapted to patient's sleep habits (\~23:00 to 07:30) using a digital polygraph (Deltamed). This includes EEG in 43 scalp channels + 11 channels for electrooculography, electrocardiography, electromyography, and audiovisual recording (sampling rate 256 Hz). Sleep stages will be scored manually (AASM criteria) using 30-s epochs, with modifications depending on sleep alterations, as reported. Parameters: \- Sleep efficiency: based on total study time and total sleep time

Sleep microstructure - Time to sleep onset

时间窗: 18 months

It will be adapted to patient's sleep habits (\~23:00 to 07:30) using a digital polygraph (Deltamed). This includes EEG in 43 scalp channels + 11 channels for electrooculography, electrocardiography, electromyography, and audiovisual recording (sampling rate 256 Hz). Sleep stages will be scored manually (AASM criteria) using 30-s epochs, with modifications depending on sleep alterations, as reported. Parameters: \- Time to sleep onset: minutes

Sleep microstructure - Time in stage N1

时间窗: 18 months

It will be adapted to patient's sleep habits (\~23:00 to 07:30) using a digital polygraph (Deltamed). This includes EEG in 43 scalp channels + 11 channels for electrooculography, electrocardiography, electromyography, and audiovisual recording (sampling rate 256 Hz). Sleep stages will be scored manually (AASM criteria) using 30-s epochs, with modifications depending on sleep alterations, as reported. Parameters: \- Time in stage N1: minutes

Sleep microstructure - Time in stage N2

时间窗: 18 months

It will be adapted to patient's sleep habits (\~23:00 to 07:30) using a digital polygraph (Deltamed). This includes EEG in 43 scalp channels + 11 channels for electrooculography, electrocardiography, electromyography, and audiovisual recording (sampling rate 256 Hz). Sleep stages will be scored manually (AASM criteria) using 30-s epochs, with modifications depending on sleep alterations, as reported. Parameters: \- Time in stage N2: minutes

Sleep microstructure - Time in stage N3

时间窗: 18 months

It will be adapted to patient's sleep habits (\~23:00 to 07:30) using a digital polygraph (Deltamed). This includes EEG in 43 scalp channels + 11 channels for electrooculography, electrocardiography, electromyography, and audiovisual recording (sampling rate 256 Hz). Sleep stages will be scored manually (AASM criteria) using 30-s epochs, with modifications depending on sleep alterations, as reported. Parameters: \- Time in stage N3: minutes

Sleep microstructure - Time in stage R

时间窗: 18 months

It will be adapted to patient's sleep habits (\~23:00 to 07:30) using a digital polygraph (Deltamed). This includes EEG in 43 scalp channels + 11 channels for electrooculography, electrocardiography, electromyography, and audiovisual recording (sampling rate 256 Hz). Sleep stages will be scored manually (AASM criteria) using 30-s epochs, with modifications depending on sleep alterations, as reported. Parameters: \- Time in stage R: minutes

Sleep microstructure - First epoch of N1

时间窗: 18 months

It will be adapted to patient's sleep habits (\~23:00 to 07:30) using a digital polygraph (Deltamed). This includes EEG in 43 scalp channels + 11 channels for electrooculography, electrocardiography, electromyography, and audiovisual recording (sampling rate 256 Hz). Sleep stages will be scored manually (AASM criteria) using 30-s epochs, with modifications depending on sleep alterations, as reported. Parameters: \- First epoch of N1: minutes

Sleep microstructure - First epoch of N3

时间窗: 18 months

It will be adapted to patient's sleep habits (\~23:00 to 07:30) using a digital polygraph (Deltamed). This includes EEG in 43 scalp channels + 11 channels for electrooculography, electrocardiography, electromyography, and audiovisual recording (sampling rate 256 Hz). Sleep stages will be scored manually (AASM criteria) using 30-s epochs, with modifications depending on sleep alterations, as reported. Parameters: \- First epoch of N3: minutes

Sleep microstructure - First epoch of REM

时间窗: 18 months

It will be adapted to patient's sleep habits (\~23:00 to 07:30) using a digital polygraph (Deltamed). This includes EEG in 43 scalp channels + 11 channels for electrooculography, electrocardiography, electromyography, and audiovisual recording (sampling rate 256 Hz). Sleep stages will be scored manually (AASM criteria) using 30-s epochs, with modifications depending on sleep alterations, as reported. Parameters: \- First epoch of REM: minutes

Sleep microstructure - REM/NREM time ratio

时间窗: 18 months

It will be adapted to patient's sleep habits (\~23:00 to 07:30) using a digital polygraph (Deltamed). This includes EEG in 43 scalp channels + 11 channels for electrooculography, electrocardiography, electromyography, and audiovisual recording (sampling rate 256 Hz). Sleep stages will be scored manually (AASM criteria) using 30-s epochs, with modifications depending on sleep alterations, as reported. Parameters: \- REM/NREM time ratio

Sleep microstructure - Number of arousals

时间窗: 18 months

It will be adapted to patient's sleep habits (\~23:00 to 07:30) using a digital polygraph (Deltamed). This includes EEG in 43 scalp channels + 11 channels for electrooculography, electrocardiography, electromyography, and audiovisual recording (sampling rate 256 Hz). Sleep stages will be scored manually (AASM criteria) using 30-s epochs, with modifications depending on sleep alterations, as reported. Parameters: \- Number of arousals (total)

Sleep microstructure - Arousal Index

时间窗: 18 months

It will be adapted to patient's sleep habits (\~23:00 to 07:30) using a digital polygraph (Deltamed). This includes EEG in 43 scalp channels + 11 channels for electrooculography, electrocardiography, electromyography, and audiovisual recording (sampling rate 256 Hz). Sleep stages will be scored manually (AASM criteria) using 30-s epochs, with modifications depending on sleep alterations, as reported. Parameters: \- Arousal Index

Sleep microstructure - Confusional arousals

时间窗: 18 months

It will be adapted to patient's sleep habits (\~23:00 to 07:30) using a digital polygraph (Deltamed). This includes EEG in 43 scalp channels + 11 channels for electrooculography, electrocardiography, electromyography, and audiovisual recording (sampling rate 256 Hz). Sleep stages will be scored manually (AASM criteria) using 30-s epochs, with modifications depending on sleep alterations, as reported. Parameters: \- Confusional arousals: Yes or No

Sleep microstructure - Direct transition from N3 to W

时间窗: 18 months

It will be adapted to patient's sleep habits (\~23:00 to 07:30) using a digital polygraph (Deltamed). This includes EEG in 43 scalp channels + 11 channels for electrooculography, electrocardiography, electromyography, and audiovisual recording (sampling rate 256 Hz). Sleep stages will be scored manually (AASM criteria) using 30-s epochs, with modifications depending on sleep alterations, as reported. Parameters: \- Direct transition from N3 to W: yes or no

Sleep microstructure - Wake after sleep

时间窗: 18 months

It will be adapted to patient's sleep habits (\~23:00 to 07:30) using a digital polygraph (Deltamed). This includes EEG in 43 scalp channels + 11 channels for electrooculography, electrocardiography, electromyography, and audiovisual recording (sampling rate 256 Hz). Sleep stages will be scored manually (AASM criteria) using 30-s epochs, with modifications depending on sleep alterations, as reported. Parameters: \- Wake after sleep: hour