Neural Changes Following Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) for Procrastination: An fMRI and EEG Randomized Controlled Trial of Two CBT Protocols
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 293
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Change in Polish version of the Pure Procrastination Scale (PPS)
研究概览
简要总结
The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of and the neural changes following two cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) protocols for procrastination with a wait-list control group. The interventions will be delivered online in group settings. Both protocols include identical psychoeducation and cognitive modules aiming at identification and modification of dysfunctional automatic thoughts related to procrastination but will differ in the behavioral modules. The behavioral module in the first protocol is focused on timely beginning and realistic planning. The second protocol implements working time restriction. The wait-list control group will receive one of the CBT protocols after a waiting period that will last as long as the CBT intervention and the assessments performed directly after treatment. It is assumed that the interventions will be superior to the wait-list control. Primary (procrastination) and secondary (depression and anxiety) measures will be collected prior to and after the interventions (or waiting period in the wait-list group) and after 6 months in the two active condition groups. Additionally, neuroimaging measurements will be conducted before and after the interventions (or waiting period in the wait-list group). Approximately half of the participants will undergo functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), and another half will undergo electroencephalography (EEG). Both methods are aimed at exploring neural correlates of the expected improvements in participants' self-regulation abilities.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- Single (Participant)
盲法说明
A researcher not having direct contact with participants will create a script generating random sequence using a computer random sequence generator (Matlab). Randomization will take place at an individual level, stratified by age, gender and procrastination severity (block randomization). Participants will be randomized into three groups with an allocation ratio of 1:1:1.
Pairs of experienced psychotherapists trained in one of the therapy protocols will deliver the interventions in an online group setting.
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 26 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Bachelor's and Master's university students
- •Self-reported primary difficulties related to chronic and severe procrastination
- •Serious procrastination problem lasting for at least one year as confirmed during clinical interview
- •Having a postponed/procrastinated project to complete in the course of therapy
- •Willing to participate in the study
- •Fluent in Polish language
- •Computer access and stable Internet connection
排除标准
- •Current participation in other psychotherapy
- •Use of psychiatric medication during the last 12 weeks
- •Severe anxiety or affective disorders or any other severe psychiatric disorders that require other types of specialized care and are primary to procrastination problem (e.g. major depressive episode, social phobia, PTSD, etc.)
- •Active suicidality
- •Psychosis, bipolar disorder
- •Alcohol or substance dependence
- •Severe personality disorders (with the exclusion of avoidant, dependent and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders)
- •For Warsaw participants: contradictions for fMRI measurement (metal elements in the body, claustrophobia, neurological conditions, pregnancy etc), non right-handedness.
- •For Poznań participants: neurological conditions (e.g. epilepsy)
研究组 & 干预措施
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Techniques of Starting on Time and Planning Realistically
5 session (one session a week) online group therapy including psychoeducation and cognitive modules (what is procrastination, role of rewards, work environment, identification of dysfunctional automatic thoughts, cognitive restructuring, relapse prevention) and a behavioral module: realistic planning, timely beginning.
干预措施: Psychoeducation and cognitive modules (Behavioral)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Techniques of Starting on Time and Planning Realistically
5 session (one session a week) online group therapy including psychoeducation and cognitive modules (what is procrastination, role of rewards, work environment, identification of dysfunctional automatic thoughts, cognitive restructuring, relapse prevention) and a behavioral module: realistic planning, timely beginning.
干预措施: Behavioral module: Starting on Time and Planning Realistically (Behavioral)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Technique of Working Time Restriction
5 session (one session a week) online group therapy including psychoeducation and cognitive modules (what is procrastination, role of rewards, work environment, identification of dysfunctional automatic thoughts, cognitive restructuring, relapse prevention) and a behavioral module: working time restriction.
干预措施: Psychoeducation and cognitive modules (Behavioral)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Technique of Working Time Restriction
5 session (one session a week) online group therapy including psychoeducation and cognitive modules (what is procrastination, role of rewards, work environment, identification of dysfunctional automatic thoughts, cognitive restructuring, relapse prevention) and a behavioral module: working time restriction.
干预措施: Behavioral module: Working Time Restriction (Behavioral)
Wait-list control group
no intervention
结局指标
主要结局
Change in Polish version of the Pure Procrastination Scale (PPS)
时间窗: baseline assessment (week 0); mid-treatment assessment (week 3); post-treatment assessment (week 6); follow-up assessment (6 months after post-treatment assessment)
Assessment of procrastination level. The Polish version of PPS consists of 12 items that evaluate procrastination conceptualized as a dysfunctional delay (e.g. "I am continually saying I'll do it tomorrow"; "I delay making decisions until it's too late"). Participants respond on a 5-point scale (1 = "very seldom or not true of me"; 2 = "seldom true of me"; 3 = "sometimes true of me"; 4 = "often true of me"; 5 = "very often true of true of me")
Change in Polish version of the Aitken Procrastination Inventory (API)
时间窗: baseline assessment (week 0); mid-treatment assessment (week 3); post-treatment assessment (week 6); follow-up assessment (6 months after post-treatment assessment)
Assessment of academic procrastination level. The Polish version of API consists of 19 items that evaluate the tendency of students to procrastinate in their academic tasks (e.g. "If I had an important project to do, I'd get started on it as quickly as possible", "Getting down to work often takes me a long time."). Participants respond on a 5-point scale (1 = "false"; 2 = "mostly false"; 3 = " sometimes false/sometimes true"; 4 = "mostly true"; 5 = "true").
次要结局
- Change in Polish version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)(baseline assessment (week 0); mid-treatment assessment (week 3); post-treatment assessment (week 6); follow-up assessment (6 months after post-treatment assessment))
- Change in Polish version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-7 (GAD-7)(baseline assessment (week 0); mid-treatment assessment (week 3); post-treatment assessment (week 6); follow-up assessment (6 months after post-treatment assessment))
- Percentage of completion of a particular project that the participant decided to work on during the training (e.g. a thesis, an essay, a report).(baseline assessment (week 0); mid-treatment assessment (week 3); post-treatment assessment (week 6))