The impact of primary dysmenorrhea on breath holding time in adults

Dysmenorrhea is a common problem affecting young indian females resulting in absenteeism, and restriction in normal daily activities. studies have shown a difference in maximum breath holding time during the menstrual cycle with higher time during mid luteal phase probably due to higher levels of estrogen and progesterone in the mid luteal phase as compared to the early follicular phase, but there is a lack of literature on the breath holding time in subjects with dysmenorrhea. cardiac autonomic function is also different during the menstrual cycle due to effects of estrogen and progesterone and there is a lack of sufficient literature on cardiac autonomic parameters in subjects with dysmenorrhea. studies have shown differences in body composition during different phases of menstrual cycle. this study will help to detect any possible reduced pulmonary functions and cardiac autonomic dysfunction in subjects with dysmenorrhea and help to guide them to appropriate preventive and treatment methods early.