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Lifestyle Intervention Trial in Obese Elderly

Not Applicable
Completed
Conditions
Obesity
Interventions
Behavioral: Diet + Aerobic Training
Behavioral: Diet + Resistance Training
Behavioral: Diet + Resistance/Aerobic Exercise
Registration Number
NCT01065636
Lead Sponsor
Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico
Brief Summary

Obesity causes frailty in obese older adults by exacerbating the age-related decline in physical function. However, appropriate management of obesity in older adults is controversial. Weight loss without exercise could worsen frailty by accelerating the usual age-related decline in muscle and bone mass that leads to sarcopenia and osteopenia, respectively. Because of the important problem of frailty in obese older adults, it is important to determine the most efficacious approach in reducing, or even reversing frailty in this population. The primary objective of this proposal is to evaluate which distinct type of physical exercise (resistance, aerobic, or combined resistance + aerobic) is most efficacious in preventing the weight-loss-induced reduction in muscle and bone mass and reversing frailty in obese older adults.

Detailed Description

Not available

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
COMPLETED
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
160
Inclusion Criteria
  • 65-85 years old
  • Obese men and women (BMI > or equal to 30 kg/m2)
  • Stable weight (±2 kg) during the last 6 mos.
  • Must be sedentary (regular exercise <1 h/wk or <2 x/wk for the last 6 mos.)
  • Be judged, during the initial screening, to be well motivated and reliable
Exclusion Criteria
  • Any major chronic diseases
  • Any condition or unstable diseases that would interfere with exercise or dietary restriction, in which exercise or dietary restriction are contraindicated, or that would interfere with interpretation of results that include but are not limited to:
  • Cardiopulmonary disease (e.g., recent MI, unstable angina, stroke etc.)
  • Severe orthopedic/musculoskeletal or neuromuscular impairments that would contraindicate participation in exercise
  • Visual or hearing impairments that interfere with following directions
  • Diagnosis of dementia
  • History of malignancy during the past 5 yr
  • Recent use of bone acting drugs (e.g. use of estrogen, or androgen containing compound, raloxifene, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone during the past year or biphosphonates during the last two years)
  • Individuals on insulin or with a fasting blood glucose of > 140mg/dl, and/or a 2 hour post-glucose of >250 mg/dl
  • BMD t-scores of <-2.3 of the lumbar spine and proximal femur
  • serum creatinine >2.0 mg/dl
  • No commitments, life situations or conditions that would interfere with their participation in the study

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
PARALLEL
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
Diet + Aerobic Exercise TrainingDiet + Aerobic TrainingWeekly behavioral/diet-induced weight loss plus supervised aerobic exercise training three times a week
Diet + Resistance Exercise TrainingDiet + Resistance TrainingWeekly behavioral/diet-induced weight loss plus supervised resistance exercise training three times a week
Diet + Combined Aerobic/Resistance ExerciseDiet + Resistance/Aerobic ExerciseWeekly behavioral/diet-induced weight loss plus combined supervised resistance exercise training and aerobic exercise training three times a week
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Change in Physical Function6 Months

The Physical Performance Test includes seven standardized tasks (walking 15.2 m \[50 ft\], putting on and removing a coat, picking up a penny, standing up from a chair, lifting a book, climbing one flight of stairs, and performing a progressive Romberg test) plus two additional tasks (going up and down four flights of stairs and making a 360-degree turn). The score for each task ranges from 0 to 4, with higher scores indicating better physical performance; a perfect score would be 36.

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Change is serum sclerostin6 months

Assessed by immunoassay

Change in circulating cytokines6 months

Assessed by using enzyme linked immunoassay

Change in adipocytokines6 months

Assessed by using enzyme linked immunoassay

Change in parathyroid hormone6 months

Assessed by immunoassay

Change in modified mini-mental exam6 months

Assessed by using cognitive instrument testing

Change in waist circumference6 months

Using a tape measure

Change in 25 hydroxyvitamin D6 months

Assessed by immunoassay

Change in Impact of Weight on Quality of Life_Lite (IWQOL-lite) score6 months

Assessed by IWQO-liteL questionnaire

Change in dynamic balance6 months

Assessed by the obstacle course

Change in word fluency6 months

Assessed by using cognitive instrument testing

Change in trail a and trail b6 months

Assessed by using cognitive instrument testing

Change in fat mass6 months

Assessed using DXA

Change in muscle strength6 months

Assessed using 1-repetition maximum and dynamometry

Change in areal bone mineral density6 months

Assessed by using DXA

Change in aerobic capacity6 months

Assessed by using indirect calorimetry during graded exercise stress test

Change in serum insulin6 months

Assessed by immunoassay

Change in Medical Outcomes 36-Item short form Health survey (SF-36)6 months

Assessed by Physical component summary and mental component summary score (score range 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health status)

Change in gene expression of muscle anabolic and catabolic factors6 months

Assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and nanostring

Change in visceral fat mass6 months

Assessed by MRI

Change in gait speed6 months

Measured as time to walk a certain distance

Change in biochemical marker for bone turnover and bone metabolism6 months

Assessed by using enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay and radioimmunoassay

Change in serum glucose6 months

Assessed by glucose oxidase method

Change in serum lipids6 months

Assessed by automated enzymatic/colorimetric assays

Change in serum estradiol6 months

Assessed by immunoassay

Change in lean mass6 months

Assessed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

Change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure6 months

Assessed by using sphygmomanometer

Change in protein expression of muscle anabolic and catabolic factors6 months

Assessed by western blotting

Change in habitual physical activity assessed by questionnaires6 months

Using the Stanford physical activity questionnaire (score range: 0 to 40 with higher scores indicating higher physical activity levels)

Change in habitual physical activity measured objectively6 months

Using accelerometers

Change in concentration of targeted metabolites6 months

Assessed by liquid chromatography hyphenated with mass spectrometry techniques

Change in static balance6 months

Assessed by one leg stance

Change in Ray Auditory verbal learning test6 months

Assessed by using cognitive instrument testing

Change in muscle protein synthesis rate6 months

Assessed by stable isotope methodology

Change in serum testosterone6 months

Assessed by immunoassay

Change in thigh muscle and fat mass6 months

Assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Change in mood6 months

Assessed by geriatric depression scale (score range: 0 to 30, where lower scores indicating better mood)

Change in subjective ability to function6 months

Assessed by Functional Status Questionnaire (score range: 0 to 36 with higher scores indicating better function)

Trial Locations

Locations (2)

New Mexico VA Medical Center and University of New Mexico School of Medicine

🇺🇸

Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States

Baylor College of Medicine

🇺🇸

Houston, Texas, United States

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