Anticoagulation in ICH Survivors for Stroke Prevention and Recovery

Phase 3

Recruiting

• Conditions: Atrial Fibrillation; Intracerebral Hemorrhage
• Interventions: Drug: Apixaban; Drug: Aspirin

• Registration Number: NCT03907046
• Lead Sponsor: Yale University

Brief Summary

Primary Aim: To determine if apixaban is superior to aspirin for prevention of the composite outcome of any stroke (hemorrhagic or ischemic) or death from any cause in patients with recent ICH and atrial fibrillation (AF).

Secondary Aim: To determine if apixaban, compared with aspirin, results in better functional outcomes as measured by the modified Rankin Scale.

Detailed Description

ASPIRE is a randomized, double-blinded, phase III clinical trial designed to test the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation, compared with aspirin, in patients with a recent ICH and non-valvular AF. Seven hundred patients will be enrolled over 3.5 years and followed for study outcomes for a minimum of 12 months and maximum of 36 months. The primary efficacy outcome is any stroke (hemorrhagic or ischemic) or death from any cause. The secondary efficacy outcome is the change in the modified Rankin Scale score. Recruitment will take place at sites coordinated through the NIH/NINDS StrokeNet.

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2019-04-04
• Study First Submitted QC: 2019-04-04
• Study First Posted: 2019-04-08
• Study Start: 2020-01-28
• Status Verified: 2025-08
• Last Update Submitted: 2025-08-25
• Last Update Posted: 2025-08-26
• Primary Completion: 2027-04
• Study Completion: 2027-04-01

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: RECRUITING
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 700

Inclusion Criteria

• Age at least 18 years
• Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) (including primary intraventricular hemorrhage) confirmed by brain CT or MRI
• Can be randomized within 14-180 days after ICH onset
• Non-valvular AF (defined as atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter), documented by electrocardiography or a physician-confirmed history of prior AF
• Provision of signed and dated informed consent form by patient or legally authorized representative
• For females of reproductive potential: use of highly effective contraception

Exclusion Criteria

• Index event is hemorrhagic transformation of a brain infarction or hemorrhage into a tumor
• History of earlier ICH within 12 months preceding index event
• Active infective endocarditis
• Clear indication for anticoagulant drugs (e.g., requires anticoagulation for deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism) or antiplatelet drugs (e.g., requires aspirin or clopidogrel for recent coronary stent).
• Previous or planned left atrial appendage closure
• Clinically significant bleeding diathesis
• Serum creatinine ≥2.5 mg/dL
• Active hepatitis or hepatic insufficiency with Child-Pugh score B or C
• Anemia (hemoglobin <8 g/dL) or thrombocytopenia (<100 x 10^9/L) that is chronic in the judgment of the investigator
• Pregnant or breastfeeding
• Known allergy to aspirin or apixaban
• Concomitant participation in a competing trial
• Considered by the investigator to have a condition that precludes safe or active participation in the trial
• Persistent, uncontrolled systolic blood pressure (≥180 mm Hg)
• ICH caused by an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) that has not yet been secured

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Apixaban	Apixaban	Apixaban dosing will be 5 mg tablet in morning and 5 mg tablet in evening. A reduced dose of 2.5 mg tablet in morning and 2.5 mg tablet in evening will be used if: (1) ≥2 of the following are present: age ≥80 years, body weight ≤60 kg, or serum creatinine 1.5-2.4 mg/dL, or (2) Patient is taking a strong CYP3A4/pGP inhibitor (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, ritonavir, or clarithromycin).
Aspirin	Aspirin	Aspirin dose will be 81 mg tablet once daily.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Stroke or death	Up to 3 years	Incidence of stroke of any type (ischemic or hemorrhagic) or death from any cause

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score	Change from baseline to 12 months; change over duration of follow-up	Measure of neurologic disability (0=no disability to 6=dead)

Trial Locations

Locations (179)

University of Alabama Hospital; 🇺🇸 Birmingham, Alabama, United States

University of South Alabama University Hospital; 🇺🇸 Mobile, Alabama, United States

Chandler Regional Medical Center; 🇺🇸 Chandler, Arizona, United States

St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; 🇺🇸 Phoenix, Arizona, United States

Banner University Medical Center; 🇺🇸 Tucson, Arizona, United States

UAMS Medical Center; 🇺🇸 Little Rock, Arkansas, United States

Mercy San Juan Medical Center; 🇺🇸 Carmichael, California, United States

Eden Medical Center, Castro Valley; 🇺🇸 Castro Valley, California, United States

Arrowhead Regional Medical Center; 🇺🇸 Colton, California, United States

Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center; 🇺🇸 Downey, California, United States

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