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Goals of Care Conversations Study

Not Applicable
Conditions
End-stage Renal Disease
Seriously Ill Patients
Cancer
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Interstitial Lung Disease
Heart Failure
Dementia
End-stage Liver Disease
Interventions
Behavioral: Low patient engagement
Behavioral: High patient engagement
Registration Number
NCT05001009
Lead Sponsor
VA Office of Research and Development
Brief Summary

The long term goal is to improve quality of care in Veterans with serious illnesses by aligning medical care with Veterans' goals and values. The objective of this study is to use a sequentially randomized trial to determine what implementation strategies are effective to increase early, outpatient goals of care conversations. The study will use interviews with and surveys of medical providers, patients, and caregivers, along with medical record data. This work is significant because it tests ways Veterans can express their goals and preferences for life sustaining treatments and have them honored.

Detailed Description

The aims of this study are as follows:

Aim 1. Use a clinician-level SMART in three VA health systems to determine the effectiveness of clinician and patient implementation strategies to improve the occurrence of documented goals of care conversations in Veterans with serious medical illness. Hypothesis 1 (first stage of the SMART): Compared to a low intensity clinician strategy alone, a low intensity clinician and patient strategy will lead to increased documentation of goals of care conversations. Hypothesis 2. Among those who do not respond to low intensity strategies, compared to a high intensity clinician strategy paired with a low intensity patient strategy, a high intensity clinician and patient strategy will lead to increased documentation of goals of care conversations.

Aim 2a. Identify the sequence of implementation strategies that leads to the overall greatest increase in documentation of goals of care conversations. Aim 2b (exploratory). Identify patient and clinician characteristics that modify the effect of sequences of implementation strategies on documentation of goals of care conversations.

Aim 3. Understand clinician and patient implementation strategy success or failure using a mixed method evaluation involving clinicians, leaders, patients, and caregivers.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
72
Inclusion Criteria

CLINICIANS VA primary care advance practice clinicians (MDs, APRNs, PAs) at one of the three study sites able to complete goals of care conversation notes and orders. Advance practice clinicians will be eligible for randomization if they have at least 15 eligible patients without goals of care conversation notes at the start of stage 1 (to allow participating clinicians ample opportunities to write notes) and have written fewer than 4 goals of care conversation notes in the previous 6 months (to select clinicians who need improvement), and can potentially receive the planned implementation strategies, i.e., clinicians who regularly attend the Patient Aligned Care Team (PACT) team meetings.

PATIENTS

  • Veteran enrolled in VHA health care in one of the three study sites who is a current patient of one of the eligible primary care clinicians
  • Diagnosis of cancer, heart failure, interstitial lung disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, end-stage renal disease, end-stage liver disease, and dementia
  • Care Assessment Need score of > or equal to 90 using the one-year combined hospitalization/mortality variable
Exclusion Criteria

PATIENTS

  • Prisoner
  • Pregnant
  • under 18 years of age.

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
SEQUENTIAL
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
Low then low patient engagementLow patient engagementFirst stage: Low patient engagement. Low intensity clinician training. Second stage (responders only): No patient engagement and high intensity clinician training. Second stage (non-responders only): Low intensity patient engagement and high intensity clinician training.
No then low patient engagementLow patient engagementFirst stage: No patient engagement. Low intensity clinician training. Second stage (responders only): No patient engagement and high intensity clinician training. Second stage (non-responders only): Low intensity patient engagement and high intensity clinician training.
Low then high patient engagementLow patient engagementFirst stage: Low intensity patient engagement. Low intensity clinician training. Second stage (responders only): No patient engagement and high intensity clinician training. Second stage (non-responders only): High patient engagement and high intensity clinician training.
Low then high patient engagementHigh patient engagementFirst stage: Low intensity patient engagement. Low intensity clinician training. Second stage (responders only): No patient engagement and high intensity clinician training. Second stage (non-responders only): High patient engagement and high intensity clinician training.
No then high patient engagementHigh patient engagementFirst stage: No patient engagement. Low intensity clinician training. Second stage (responders only): No patient engagement and high intensity clinician training. Second stage (non-responders only): High patient engagement and high intensity clinician training.
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Percent of patients with a goals of care conversation note documented in Stage 2From the start of stage 2 to 9 months later

Amongst patients attributed to a clinician who was randomized in Stage 2, whether or not a goals of care conversation note was written during Stage 2.

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Percent of patients with a goals of care conversation note documented in Stage 1From the start of stage 1 to the beginning of stage 2 (approximately 8 months)

Amongst all patients in the study, whether or not a goals of care conversation note was written during stage 1

Percent of patients with a goals of care conversation note documented in Stage 1 or 2From the start of stage 1 to 9 months after the start of stage 2

Amongst all patients in the study, whether or not a goals of care conversation note was written during the study.

Trial Locations

Locations (3)

VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA

🇺🇸

Palo Alto, California, United States

VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, West Los Angeles, CA

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West Los Angeles, California, United States

Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO

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Aurora, Colorado, United States

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