Evaluation of the efficacy of topical satt-i-barg-e- panwad with vinegar in the treatment of tinea cruris (Quba)-a single blind randomized standard controlled trial.

Dermatophytosis is a roughness of the surface of the skin, which is associated with itching, scaling, and dryness. Sometime fish like scales may also shed off. It may be black or red in colour. Usually the periphery is red and occasionally there may be oozing of yellowish fluid. All these condition develop according to pathogenic dermatophytes. There are three different types of fungi which causes tinea cruris namely Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton. Dermatophytosis refer to superficial fungal infection of keratinized tissues caused by keratinophilic dermatophytes. Tinea varies with the site of infections as tinea corporis (at trunk region), tinea cruris(at groin region),tinea capitis(at head),tinea faciei(face),tinea pedis(feet),tinea manuum(hand), tinea unguium(nails).

According to world health organization (WHO), the prevalence rate of superficial mycotic infection worldwide has been found to be 20-25%. Its prevalence varies indifferent countries. Tinea corporis (78.1%) was the commonest clinical presentation, followed by tinea cruris (10.1%), tinea manuum (2.5%), tinea faciei (1.8%), and tinea pedis (0.7%). It is more prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries like india where the heat and humidity is high for most part of the year. The dealcoholized leaves extract has shown the significant antifungal activity to inhibit the growth of candida albicans, aspergillus niger,saccharomyces cerevisiae and trichophyton mentagrophytes.

Antifungal drugs exhibit marked adverse effects like hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and myelotoxicity. Resistance may be developed across most pathogens and causes drug target overexpression, efflux pump activation, and amino acid substitution. The experimental antifungal drugs in clinical trials are also reviewed. Whereas some intrinsic resistance has been found naturally, e.g., fluconazole-resistant. the acquired resistance has been a consequence of long-term therapies, widespread prophylaxis, or use of antifungals in agriculture, especially in the case of triazoles. Environmental exposure of fumigatus to triazole fungicides may explain their resistance in azole-naïve patients. Additionally, secondary resistance may occur after vertical and horizontal transmission in both animals and humans. Hence it is the need of the day to provide a safe and effective medicine, this was the main motivating factor behind the selection of this study, i.e., to evaluate safety and efficacy of Sat-e-barg-e-panwad as topical application in patients of quba