Motivation, Syringe Exchange, and COVID-19

Not Applicable

Completed

Brief Summary: People who inject drugs (PWIDs) are highly vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection and to the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), however, rates of SARS-CoV-2 testing and vaccination uptake -vital to mitigating the spread of COVID-19 and achieving herd immunity - are lower among PWIDs compared to the general population. Building on our Phase I Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics project, which found that contingency management (CM) increased testing utilization among PWIDs, the proposed project evaluates the comparative effectiveness of CM versus CM plus a brief motivational enhancement intervention on SARS-CoV-2 testing and vaccination uptake among PWIDs. This project has the potential to reduce COVID-19 health disparities among PWIDs and to decrease population level COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.

Detailed Description: This study uses contingency management, specifically $10 financial incentives for participation in SARS-CoV-2 testing and $10 for participating in COVID-19 vaccination. It also uses a motivational enhancement intervention which is a brief conversation with clients to improve intrinsic motivation for testing and vaccination. Thus, the clinical trials portion of this study is a randomized control trial (N = 349) in which 177 participants will be assigned to contingency management plus the Connect2Test intervention and 172 will be assigned to the contingency management alone (i.e. services as usual). There will be a per site quota to ensure there are relatively equivalent numbers of participants per site to avoid site-specific biases. The data collection software (e.g., Qualtrics, PowerBI) will randomly assign individuals to condition in real time, after a participant consents to participate in the study.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Exclusion Criteria

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Connect2Test Intervention + Contingency Management	Connect2Test	$10 financial incentive for vaccination and $10 financial incentive for testing plus a brief feedback-based motivational enhancement intervention.
Contingency Management Alone	Connect2Test	$10 financial incentive for vaccination and $10 financial incentive for testing.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
SARS-CoV-2 Testing	Up to 9-months after intervention	Yes/no indicator (coded 1 = yes, 0 = no) of whether or not person was tested for SARS-CoV-2 testing at syringe exchange visit, data collected from medical record

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
COVID-19 Vaccination	Up to 9-months after intervention	Yes/no indicator (coded 1 = yes, 0 = no) of whether or not person was vaccinated for COVID-19 at syringe exchange visit, data collected from vaccine records