Study of Cilofexor in Adults With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
- Registration Number
- NCT03890120
- Lead Sponsor
- Gilead Sciences
- Brief Summary
The primary objective of this study is to evaluate whether cilofexor reduces the risk of fibrosis progression among non-cirrhotic adults with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).
- Detailed Description
Not available
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- TERMINATED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 419
-
Diagnosis of large duct PSC
-
Liver biopsy at screening that is deemed acceptable for interpretation and demonstrates stage F0 - F3 fibrosis in the opinion of the central reader
-
Individual has the following laboratory parameters at the screening visit, as determined by the central laboratory:
- Platelet count ≥ 150,000/mm^3
- Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 30 milliliter/minute (mL/min), as calculated by the Cockcroft-Gault equation
- Alanine transaminase (ALT) ≤ 8 x upper limit of the normal range (ULN)
- Total bilirubin < 2 mg/dL, unless the individual is known to have Gilbert's syndrome or hemolytic anemia
- International normalized ratio (INR) ≤ 1.4, unless due to therapeutic anticoagulation
- Negative anti-mitochondrial antibody
Key
-
Current or prior history of any of the following:
- Cirrhosis
- Liver transplantation
- Cholangiocarcinoma or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
- Ascending cholangitis within 30 days of screening
-
Presence of a percutaneous drain or biliary stent
-
Other causes of liver disease
-
Current or prior history of unstable cardiovascular disease
-
Current moderate to severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (including ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and indeterminate colitis)
Note: Other protocol defined Inclusion/Exclusion criteria may apply
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Cilofexor 100 mg (Blinded Phase) Cilofexor Participants received cilofexor 100 mg tablet, orally, once daily for up to 100.3 weeks. Placebo (Blinded Phase) Placebo Participants received placebo to match cilofexor 100 mg tablet, orally, once daily for up to 98.1 weeks. Cilofexor From Cilofexor 100 mg (OLE Phase) Cilofexor Participants who received cilofexor in blinded phase and had entered the open-label extension (OLE) phase received open-label cilofexor 100 mg tablet, orally, once daily for up to 44.7 weeks. Cilofexor From Placebo (OLE Phase) Cilofexor Participants who received placebo in blinded phase and had entered the OLE phase received open-label cilofexor 100 mg tablet, orally, once daily for up to 45.0 weeks.
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Percentage of Participants With Progression of Liver Fibrosis at Blinded Phase Week 96 Blinded Phase Week 96 Progression of liver fibrosis was defined as having a ≥ 1-stage increase from baseline in fibrosis according to the Ludwig classification at Blinded Phase Week 96. The stages of fibrosis was assessed according to Ludwig classification. Ludwig classification fibrosis stages range from 0 to 4, with higher scores indicating greater fibrosis (0=no fibrosis, 4=cirrhosis).
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) in The Blinded Phase First dose date in the Blinded Phase up to 100.3 weeks plus 30 days An AE was any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study participant administered a study drug that does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and/or unintended sign, symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a study drug, whether or not the AE is considered related to the study drug. For Blinded Study Phase and OLE Phase, TEAEs were defined as 1 or both of the following: Any AEs with an onset date on or after the study drug start date and no later than 30 days after permanent discontinuation of study drug and/or any AEs leading to premature discontinuation of study drug.
Percentage of Participants Who Experienced TEAEs in The OLE Phase First dose date in the OLE Phase up to 45 weeks plus 30 days An AE was any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study participant administered a study drug that does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and/or unintended sign, symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a study drug, whether or not the AE is considered related to the study drug. For Blinded Study Phase and OLE Phase, TEAEs were defined as 1 or both of the following: Any AEs with an onset date on or after the study drug start date and no later than 30 days after permanent discontinuation of study drug and/or any AEs leading to premature discontinuation of study drug.
Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Treatment-emergent Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) in the Blinded Phase First dose date in the Blinded Phase up to 100.3 weeks plus 30 days An SAE was defined as an event that, at any dose, results in the following: death, a life-threatening situation; in-patient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, persistent or significant disability/incapacity, a congenital anomaly/birth defect or a medically important event or reaction.
Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Treatment-emergent SAEs in the OLE Phase First dose date in the OLE Phase up to 45 weeks plus 30 days An SAE was defined as an event that, at any dose, results in the following: death, a life-threatening situation; in-patient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, persistent or significant disability/incapacity, a congenital anomaly/birth defect or a medically important event or reaction.
Change From Baseline in Serum Concentrations of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) at Blinded Phase Week 96 Baseline, Blinded Phase Week 96 Change From Baseline in Serum Concentrations of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) at Blinded Phase Week 96 Baseline, Blinded Phase Week 96 Change From Baseline in Serum Concentrations of Fasting Total Bile Acids at Blinded Phase Week 96 Baseline, Blinded Phase Week 96 Percentage of Participants With ≥ 25% Relative Reduction in Serum ALP Concentration From Baseline and No Worsening of Fibrosis According to the Ludwig Classification at Blinded Phase Week 96 Baseline, Blinded Phase Week 96 The stages of fibrosis was assessed according to Ludwig classification. Ludwig classification fibrosis stages range from 0 to 4, with higher scores indicating greater fibrosis (0=no fibrosis, 4=cirrhosis).The percentage of participants with ≥ 25% reduction in serum ALP Concentration from baseline and no increase in fibrosis according to the Ludwig Classification at Blinded Phase Week 96 was analyzed.
Percentage of Participants With Fibrosis Improvement According to the Ludwig Classification at Blinded Phase Week 96 Blinded Phase Week 96 Fibrosis improvement was defined as having ≥ 1-stage decrease from baseline in fibrosis according to the Ludwig classification score at Blinded Study Phase Week 96. The stages of fibrosis was assessed according to Ludwig classification. Ludwig classification fibrosis stages range from 0 to 4, with higher scores indicating greater fibrosis (0=no fibrosis, 4=cirrhosis).
Change From Baseline in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) Symptoms - Module 1 Based on Disease-specific Patient Reported Outcome (PSC-PRO) at Blinded Phase Week 96 Baseline, Blinded Phase Week 96 The PSC-PRO addressed the severity of common everyday symptoms of PSC (eg, pruritus, fatigue, and right upper quadrant abdominal discomfort); and their functional impact (eg, on physical function, activities of daily living, and work productivity, etc). PSC-PRO module 1 - PSC symptoms contains a total of 12 questions asking about the severity of specific PSC symptoms on a scale of 0 (no symptoms) to 10 (symptoms as bad as you could imagine) with a 24-hour recall period. The total score, which is computed as 12 times the average of nonmissing scores of the 12 questions, can potentially range between 0 and 120, with higher scores indicating more severe symptoms. A positive change from baseline indicates worsening of symptoms.
Change From Baseline in Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF™ ) Test Score at Blinded Phase Week 96 Baseline, Blinded Phase Week 96 The Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF™) test is a composite of three serum biomarkers of hepatobiliary fibrosis: hyaluronic acid, procollagen III amino-terminal peptide, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase. A typical range for ELF™ test scores in PSC is between 6 and 14. Higher ELF™ test scores are associated with more severe liver disease. A positive change from baseline indicated worsening of fibrosis.
Change From Baseline in Liver Stiffness by FibroScan® at Blinded Phase Week 96 Baseline, Blinded Phase Week 96 Change in liver stiffness was measured by FibroScan® scores. FibroScan measures liver scarring by measuring the stiffness of the liver. It's normally between 2 and 6 kPa. Many people with liver disease(s) have a result that's higher than the normal range. Higher scores indicate increased scarring of the liver. A positive change from baseline indicates severe liver disease(s).
Trial Locations
- Locations (201)
Texas Clinical Research Institute
🇺🇸Arlington, Texas, United States
Ruane Clinical Research Group Inc.
🇺🇸Los Angeles, California, United States
Rush University Medical Center
🇺🇸Chicago, Illinois, United States
Einstein Medical Center
🇺🇸Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
🇺🇸Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Harborview Medical Center
🇺🇸Seattle, Washington, United States
Virginia Mason Medical Center
🇺🇸Seattle, Washington, United States
Liver Institute Northwest
🇺🇸Seattle, Washington, United States
Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven
🇧🇪Leuven, Belgium
Institute For Liver Health
🇺🇸Glendale, Arizona, United States
Cedars Sinai Medical Center
🇺🇸West Hollywood, California, United States
Sutter Pacific Medical Foundation - California Pacific Medical Center
🇺🇸San Francisco, California, United States
University of Kansas Hospital
🇺🇸Kansas City, Kansas, United States
MedStar Georgetown University Hospital
🇺🇸Washington, District of Columbia, United States
Southern California Research Center
🇺🇸Coronado, California, United States
Minnesota Gastroenterology, PA
🇺🇸Maplewood, Minnesota, United States
South Denver Gastroenterology, PC
🇺🇸Englewood, Colorado, United States
Peak Gastroenterology Associates
🇺🇸Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States
Schiff Center for Liver Diseases/University of Miami
🇺🇸Miami, Florida, United States
Stanford Hospital
🇺🇸Palo Alto, California, United States
Advanced Research Institute, Inc
🇺🇸New Port Richey, Florida, United States
Piedmont Atlanta Hospital
🇺🇸Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Mercy Medical Center
🇺🇸Baltimore, Maryland, United States
IU Health University Hospital
🇺🇸Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
Massachusetts General Hospital
🇺🇸Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Cleveland Clinic Florida
🇺🇸Weston, Florida, United States
NYU Langone Health
🇺🇸New York, New York, United States
Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, Columbia University Medical Center
🇺🇸New York, New York, United States
Universitatsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz
🇩🇪Mainz, Germany
University of Alberta Hospital - Walter C. Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre (WMC)
🇨🇦Edmonton, Canada
Universitair Ziekenhuis Gent
🇧🇪Gent, Belgium
Helsinki University Hospital, Endoscopy Unit, Gastroenterology Outpatient clinic, Meilahden tomisairaala
🇫🇮Helsinki, Finland
Turku University Hospital, Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic
🇫🇮Turku, Finland
Medicina Interna 1
🇮🇹Novara, Italy
Mater Misericordiae Ltd
🇦🇺South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Juntendo University Hospital
🇯🇵Tokyo, Japan
Toronto General Hospital - Toronto Centre for Liver Disease (TCLD)
🇨🇦Toronto, Canada
Westmead Hospital
🇦🇺Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
Nepean Hospital
🇦🇺Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
Royal Perth Hospital
🇦🇺Perth, Western Australia, Australia
GASTRO-Studien GbR
🇩🇪Berlin, Germany
CHU de Toulouse - Hopital Rangueil
🇫🇷Toulouse, France
Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Moderna, Ospedale di Baggiovara
🇮🇹Bologna, Italy
The Royal Melbourne Hospital
🇦🇺Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Chiba University Hospital
🇯🇵Chiba-shi, Japan
Hopital Paul Brousse
🇫🇷Villejuif, France
Universitätsklinikum Essen
🇩🇪Essen, Germany
Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt
🇩🇪Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Universitatsspital Zurich
🇨🇭Zurich, Switzerland
Universitatsspital Bern
🇨🇭Bern, Switzerland
Epatocentro Ticino SA
🇨🇭Lugano, Switzerland
Azienda Ospedale Universita Padova
🇮🇹Padova, Italy
University of Calgary Liver Unit - Heritage Medical Research Clinic (HMRC)
🇨🇦Calgary, Canada
Rabin Medical Center
🇮🇱Petah Tikva, Israel
Medizinische Hochscule Hannover
🇩🇪Hannover, Germany
Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli
🇮🇹Rome, Italy
Rambam Health Care Campus
🇮🇱Haifa, Israel
Christchurch Hospital
🇳🇿Christchurch, New Zealand
Dipartimento Gastroenterologico e dei Trapianti
🇮🇹Ancona, Italy
Hospital Universitario de la Princesa
🇪🇸Madrid, Spain
Teikyo University Hospital
🇯🇵Tokyo, Japan
Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center
🇮🇱Tel-Aviv, Israel
Hiroshima University Hospital
🇯🇵Hiroshima, Japan
National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center
🇯🇵Nagasaki, Japan
Ehime University Hospital
🇯🇵Toon-Shi, Japan
Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron
🇪🇸Barcelona, Spain
Complejo Hospitalario de Pontevedra
🇪🇸Pontevedra, Spain
Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet
🇪🇸Zaragoza, Spain
Hospital Universitari Politecnic La Fe de Valencia
🇪🇸Valencia, Spain
Hospital Universitario La Paz
🇪🇸Madrid, Spain
Hospital General Universitario de Valencia
🇪🇸Valencia, Spain
Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda
🇪🇸Majadahonda, Spain
NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde
🇬🇧Glasgow, United Kingdom
Shaare Zedek Medical Center
🇮🇱Jerusalem, Israel
University of Rochester Medical Center
🇺🇸Rochester, New York, United States
Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital
🇦🇺Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
University of California, San Francisco Liver Clinic
🇺🇸San Francisco, California, United States
Duke University Medical Center
🇺🇸Durham, North Carolina, United States
Vanderbilt University Medical Center - Digestive Disease Center
🇺🇸Nashville, Tennessee, United States
San Antonio Military Medical Center, Gastro/Hepatology
🇺🇸San Antonio, Texas, United States
Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico UOC Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia
🇮🇹Milan, Italy
Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico P. Giaccone
🇮🇹Palermo, Italy
Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana - Unità Operativa Epatologia
🇮🇹Pisa, Italy
Istituto Clinico Humanitas - Unita Operativa di Epatologia
🇮🇹Rozzano (Milan), Italy
U.O.C. Gatroenterologia
🇮🇹Rozzano, Italy
Osaka University Hospital
🇯🇵Suita, Japan
Barts Health NHS Trust
🇬🇧London, United Kingdom
CHU Grenoble Alpes
🇫🇷Grenoble cedex 09, France
Hopital Saint Antoine
🇫🇷Paris, France
Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR
🇩🇪Leipzig, Germany
The Institute for Liver Heath
🇺🇸Phoenix, Arizona, United States
Henry Ford Hospital
🇺🇸Detroit, Michigan, United States
Mayo Clinic
🇺🇸Rochester, Minnesota, United States
University of Nebraska Medical Center
🇺🇸Omaha, Nebraska, United States
Carmel Medical Center
🇮🇱Haifa, Israel
Scripps Clinic/Green Hospital
🇺🇸La Jolla, California, United States
California Liver Research Institute
🇺🇸Pasadena, California, United States
Advanced Medical Research Center
🇺🇸Port Orange, Florida, United States
NorthShore University Healthsystem
🇺🇸Evanston, Illinois, United States
Northwestern Memorial Hospital; Clinical Research Unit
🇺🇸Chicago, Illinois, United States
University of Chicago Medical Center (outpatient clinic)
🇺🇸Chicago, Illinois, United States
Rutgers New Jersey Medical School - Doctors Office Center
🇺🇸Newark, New Jersey, United States
Northwell Health Center for Liver Diseases and Transplantation
🇺🇸Manhasset, New York, United States
Weill Cornell Medical College
🇺🇸New York, New York, United States
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Beth Israel
🇺🇸New York, New York, United States
Mount Sinai Medical Center
🇺🇸New York, New York, United States
Holmes Hospital
🇺🇸Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
Reading Hospital
🇺🇸West Reading, Pennsylvania, United States
University Gastroenterology
🇺🇸Providence, Rhode Island, United States
Methodist University Hospital
🇺🇸Memphis, Tennessee, United States
The Liver Institute at Methodist Dallas Medical Center
🇺🇸Dallas, Texas, United States
Annette & Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute @ Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas
🇺🇸Dallas, Texas, United States
Baylor Scott & White Medical Center at Fort Worth
🇺🇸Fort Worth, Texas, United States
Baylor College of Medicine - Advanced Liver Therapies
🇺🇸Houston, Texas, United States
Intermountain Medical Center - Transplant Services
🇺🇸Murray, Utah, United States
Spring Gastroenterology Associates
🇺🇸Humble, Texas, United States
The University of Vermont Medical Center
🇺🇸Burlington, Vermont, United States
Verity Research Inc.
🇺🇸Fairfax, Virginia, United States
University of Virginia Medical Center
🇺🇸Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
Austin Health
🇦🇺Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
Toronto Liver Centre
🇨🇦Toronto, Canada
Landeskrankenanstalten-Betriebsgesellscaft - KABEG, Klinikum Klagenfurt am Wörthersee
🇦🇹Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
Hôpital Erasme - ULB
🇧🇪Bruxelles, Belgium
William Osler Health System - Brampton Civic Hospital
🇨🇦Brampton, Canada
Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority
🇨🇦Halifax, Canada
McMaster University Medical Center
🇨🇦Hamilton, Canada
Chronic Viral Illness Service/McGill University Health Centre (MUHC)
🇨🇦Montreal, Canada
Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)
🇨🇦Montreal, Canada
Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, UBC Division of Gastroenterology
🇨🇦Vancouver, Canada
Aalborg University Hospital
🇩🇰Aalborg, Denmark
Copenhagen University Hospital - Hvidovre
🇩🇰København Ø, Denmark
Hôpital Saint-Eloi
🇫🇷Montpellier cedex 5, Herault, France
CHU Amiens-Picardie Hôpital Sud
🇫🇷Amiens, France
Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille - Hôpital Claude Huriez
🇫🇷CHRU Lille, France
Hôpital Henri Mondor
🇫🇷Creteil, France
Hôpital Saint-Joseph
🇫🇷Marseille, France
CHU Bordeaux-Hopital Haut-Leveque
🇫🇷Pessac, France
Hopital Robert Debré - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims
🇫🇷Reims, France
CHU de Strasbourg - Nouvel Hôpital Civil
🇫🇷Strasbourg, France
Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, II. Medizinische Klinik
🇩🇪Mannheim, Germany
Emek Medical Center
🇮🇱Afula, Israel
Okayama University Hospital
🇯🇵Okayama-shi, Japan
National University Corporation Tohoku University Tohoku University Hospital
🇯🇵Sendai, Japan
University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
🇬🇧Birmingham, United Kingdom
Rapid City Medical Center, LLP
🇺🇸Rapid City, South Dakota, United States
Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute (Clinic)
🇺🇸La Jolla, California, United States
Louisiana Research Center, LLC
🇺🇸Shreveport, Louisiana, United States
Saint Louis University, Gastroenterology & Hepatology
🇺🇸Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
Southern Therapy and Advanced Research LLC
🇺🇸Jackson, Mississippi, United States
NECCR PrimaCare Research, LLC
🇺🇸Fall River, Massachusetts, United States
Royal Prince Alfred Hospital
🇦🇺Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
Carolinas Medical Center - Center for Liver Disease
🇺🇸Charlotte, North Carolina, United States
Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
🇺🇸Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
University of Utah Hospital
🇺🇸Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
Monash Health
🇦🇺Clayton, Victoria, Australia
St. Vincent's Hospital Sydney
🇦🇺Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
The Alfred Hospital
🇦🇺Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
(G.I.R.I.) GI Research Institute
🇨🇦Vancouver, Canada
CHU de Toulouse Hopital Ranguiel
🇫🇷Toulouse cedex, France
Coral Sea Clinical Research Institute - Mackay
🇦🇺Auchenflower, Queensland, Australia
University of Manitoba/Health Sciences Centre
🇨🇦Winnipeg, Canada
Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie
🇩🇪Homburg, Germany
Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital
🇦🇺Herston, Queensland, Australia
Universitätsklinik Heidelberg
🇩🇪Heidelberg, Germany
Hadassah University Hospital Ein Kerem
🇮🇱Jerusalem, Israel
The Chaim Sheba Medical Center
🇮🇱Ramat Gan, Israel
King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
🇬🇧London, United Kingdom
Gastroenterologisch-Hepatologisches Zentrum Kiel
🇩🇪Kiel, Germany
Yamagata University Hospital
🇯🇵Yamagata, Japan
Auckland City Hospital
🇳🇿Auckland, New Zealand
Waikato Hospital
🇳🇿Hamilton, New Zealand
Hospital General Universitario de Alicante
🇪🇸Alicante, Spain
Hospital Universitario Ramon y cajal
🇪🇸Madrid, Spain
Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
🇬🇧Cambridge, United Kingdom
Hospital Clinico Universitario Santiago de Compostela
🇪🇸Santiago de Compostela, Spain
The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
🇬🇧Leeds, United Kingdom
Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
🇬🇧Liverpool, United Kingdom
Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust
🇬🇧Nottingham, United Kingdom
Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
🇬🇧London, United Kingdom
Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
🇬🇧Oxford, United Kingdom
Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust
🇬🇧Portsmouth, United Kingdom
University of California, Davis Medical Center (study visits)
🇺🇸Sacramento, California, United States
University of Colorado Denver and Hospital
🇺🇸Aurora, Colorado, United States
Yale School of Medicine
🇺🇸New Haven, Connecticut, United States
Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
🇺🇸Bethesda, Maryland, United States
Michigan Medicine - University of Michigan
🇺🇸Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
The University of NC at Chapel Hill, Clinical and Translational Research Center (CTRC)
🇺🇸Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
Wake Forest Baptist Health
🇺🇸Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
Medical University of South Carolina
🇺🇸Charleston, South Carolina, United States
IRCCS Ospedale Sollievo della Sofferenza
🇮🇹San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège Site Sart Tilman
🇧🇪Liege, Belgium
Allgemeines Krankenhaus Wien
🇦🇹Vienna, Austria
Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen
🇧🇪Edegem, Belgium
Algemeen Ziekenhuis Maria Middelares
🇧🇪Ghent, Belgium
Ochsner Clinic Foundation
🇺🇸New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
Bon Secours Richmond Community Hospital
🇺🇸Richmond, Virginia, United States
Virginia Commonwealth University Clinical Research Services Unit
🇺🇸Richmond, Virginia, United States
Montefiore Medical Center
🇺🇸Bronx, New York, United States
Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust
🇬🇧London, United Kingdom
Thomas Jefferson University
🇺🇸Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton
🇨🇦Hamilton, Canada