Ambrisentan for Early Low-Risk Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
- Conditions
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH)
- Interventions
- Drug: Placebo
- Registration Number
- NCT06987097
- Brief Summary
This is an investigator-initiated, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
- Detailed Description
Early-stage low-risk PAH is defined as mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) between 20 and 25 mmHg at rest, measured by right heart catheterization, and classified as low-risk based on the 2022 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Patients will be randomized at a 1:1 ratio to either the treatment group (Ambrisentan group) or the control group (Placebo group). Treatment group: Ambrisentan, with an initial dose of 5 mg/day (one tablet per day).Control group: Placebo, which will be provided in the same appearance and taste as Ambrisentan, one tablet per day.
After two weeks of initial treatment, the study drugs' dose will be increased to two tablets per day (10 mg/day). If the patient cannot tolerate the increased dose (e.g., experiencing headache, dizziness, palpitations, hypotension, or other drug-related symptoms or signs), the dose will be reduced to 5 mg/day. If the study drug has reached the maximum allowable dose (two tablets/day) and the patient shows signs of worsening PAH or right heart failure, the clinician may decide to add diuretics (with the type and dosage left at the referring physician's discretion). The number and percentage of patients requiring diuretic combination therapy in both groups will be recorded. Other baseline treatment medications will remain unchanged through follow-up duration.
The study drugs will be administered continuously for 12 months, then unblinding will be performed. Thereafter, patients who have reached the primary endpoint must undertake Ambrisentan. For patients who have not reached the primary endpoint, the subsequent medications treatment will be left at the PAH specialist's discretion. Follow-up will be undertaken at the following timing: Month 1, Month 6, and Month 12, with additional follow-up extending up to 3 years. All clinical drugs involved in this study have completed registration for market approval in China and are currently in clinical use.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- NOT_YET_RECRUITING
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 410
- Age ≥ 18 years;
- mPAP > 20 mmHg and < 25 mmHg, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) > 2 WUs and ≤ 3 WUs, and pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) ≤ 15 mmHg via right heart catheterization (RHC); RHC measurement will be accepted if it was done within 7 days before enrollment;
- Group I PAH, including idiopathic PAH (IPAH), heritable PAH (HPAH), Drug- and toxin-induced PAH, associated with connective tissue disease (connective tissue disease at good control), associated with portal hypertension, associated with congenital heart disease;
- At low risk based on the 2022 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension three-strata risk-assessment model;
- The subject or a legally authorized representative must understand the study requirements, agree to the treatment procedures, and provide written informed consent before any study-specific procedures are performed;
- The subject must demonstrate a willingness and ability to comply with all protocol requirements.
- Patients currently receiving PAH specific medications, regardless of whether mPAP is between 20-25 mmHg. PAH specific medications include endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs; e.g., bosentan, ambrisentan, macitentan), phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i; e.g., sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil), prostacyclin analogs (e.g., iloprost, epoprostenol, treprostinil, beraprost), soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators (e.g., riociguat). Intermittent use of PDE5 inhibitors for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction is permitted;
- Intolerance to ambrisentan or its excipients;
- Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD);
- Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH);
- Within 6 months after congenital heart disease surgical repair or percutaneous closure procedure;
- Group II-V PH;
- Clinically significant anemia, defined as hemoglobin concentration below 75% of the lower limit of normal;
- Renal insufficiency, defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 30 mL/min/1.73 m² within 3 months prior to enrollment;
- Elevated Alanine Aminotransferase （ALT） and/or Aspartate Aminotransferase （AST） exceeding 3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN);
- Systolic blood pressure < 85 mmHg;
- Uncontrolled hypertension, defined as blood pressure > 160/90 mmHg at rest and/or > 220/120 mmHg under stress conditions;
- Participation in any clinical drug trial within 4 weeks prior to screening and/or planned participation in another clinical drug trial during this study;
- Expected life expectancy of less than 1 year;
- Pregnant or breastfeeding women.
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Ambrisentan Ambrisentan Monotherapy using ambrisentan will start at a dose of 5 mg (once daily) and will be up-titrated to 10mg (once daily) after 2 weeks apart if patients are tolerable. Placebo Placebo tablet Placebo Placebo tablet (one to two tablets corresponding to one to two verum tablets).
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method The primary efficacy endpoint is the composite of pulmonary hypertension progression at 12 months baseline,12 months defined as meeting any of the following criteria within 12 months:
1. mPAP ≥ 25 mmHg OR PVR \> 3 WUs as measured by RHC OR
2. worsening of risk stratification compared to baseline, defining as at least one class progression based on the simplified four-tier model of the 2022 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) baseline,12 months systolic PAP (sPAP) by Hemodynamic measurements baseline,12 months mPAP by Hemodynamic measurements baseline,12 months cardiac output (CO) by Hemodynamic measurements baseline,12 months cardiac index (CI) by Hemodynamic measurements baseline,12 months PVR by Hemodynamic measurements baseline,12 months PVRi by Hemodynamic measurements baseline,12 months PAWP by Hemodynamic measurements baseline,12 months right atrial pressure by Hemodynamic measurements baseline,12 months pulmonary arterial compliance by Hemodynamic measurements baseline,12 months diameter of chambers by Echocardiographic measurements baseline,12 months ejection fraction by Echocardiographic measurements baseline,12 months right ventricular (RV) fraction of area change (FAC) by Echocardiographic measurements baseline,12 months TAPSE by Echocardiographic measurements baseline,12 months pulmonary artery accelation time (PAAT) by Echocardiographic measurements baseline,12 months regurgitation of tricuspid or pulmonary valve by Echocardiographic measurements baseline,12 months sPAP by Echocardiographic measurements baseline,12 months RAP by Echocardiographic measurements baseline,12 months WHO functional class through follow - up baseline,12 months Borg index through follow - up baseline,12 months N-terminal-pro BNP baseline,12 months Time to the first occurrence of the following events, analyzed using log-rank and LWYY model baseline,12 months * All-cause mortality
* Hospitalization due to PAH worsening
* Clinical deterioration of PAH, defined as the need for diuretics or digoxin (oral or intravenous), or the need of combination therapy with PAH specific medications
* 6MWD decreases by 10% or 30m
Related Research Topics
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