Assessing Causality of the Association Between Exercise and Neurocognitive Gains
- Conditions
- Aging Well
- Interventions
- Other: exercise
- Registration Number
- NCT05511259
- Lead Sponsor
- Nanyang Technological University
- Brief Summary
Brief Summary: The aim of this project is to examine:
1. The effects of a community based square stepping exercise programme on cognitive and physical functions in older adults.
2. The effects of a community based square stepping exercise programme on neuroplasticity in older adults.
3. The effects of a community based square stepping exercise programme on structural and functional brain changes in older adults.
4. The relationship between exercise-induced changes in neuroplasticity, structural and functional brain activations, and cognitive and physical gains in older adults.
- Detailed Description
It is well known regular exercise produces both physical and cognitive benefits. Emerging evidence suggests that physical movements or exercise that have concurrent cognitive demands may have more profound effects on cognitive and brain health outcomes. One training program that incorporates these components is the square stepping exercise (SSE). First demonstrated in Japan, this community-based paradigm has already shown to reduce falls risk and presents as a convenient exercise modality for older adults, that can be conducted in a group setting or even the home. The current project aims to examine the efficacy of this SSE community programme in a Singapore context on cognitive and physical health in older adults. This study also aims to quantify the neural correlates underpinning any observed improvements in cognitive and physical function. Specifically, this project will measure indices of neuroplasticity via structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and electroencephalography.
Sample size estimation: n=80 for behavioural primary outcome measures and n=40 subset of larger sample for neuroimaging and neuroplasticity secondary outcome measures \[anticipated\].
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- UNKNOWN
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 80
- Older adults aged 55-80
- Sedentary, defined as exercise less than 3 times per week for 30 minutes
- Square stepping exercise:
- Medical conditions preventing them from movement and/or exercise
- Psychiatric conditions
- Cognitive impairment of dementia
- Upper and/or lower limb injuries in the past 6 months
- History of falls in the past 6 months
- Current smokers
- Neuroimaging (all the above in addition to the following)
- Patients who have conductive, ferromagnetic, or magnet-sensitive metals implanted in head (e.g., aneurysm clip, stent).
- Implanted medical device: e.g., cardiac implants, cochlear implant, aneurysm clips, cardiac pacemaker etc.
- Non-removable metal braces or retainer (dental fillings ok).
- Permanent tattoos on head.
- Deep brain stimulators.
- Previous brain surgery or injury.
- Patient with epilepsy or any other seizure history, or immediate family history of epilepsy.
- Clinical EEG that was abnormal or where seizure activity had not been ruled out.
- Patients with history of head injury with loss of consciousness are to be investigated about the history if/before being recruited.
- Diagnosis or possibility of neurological disorder (including stroke).
- Psychiatric condition.
- Major or unstable medical condition/surgery.
- Current or suspected pregnancy or lactation.
- Illicit drug use in the last 7 days.
- Alcohol use in the last 12 hours or more than 3 standard drinks in last 24 hours.
- Recent insomnia or severe sleep deprivation.
- Participation in another study involving brain stimulation (e.g., TMS, TDCS) in the past 7 days.
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Intervention exercise Square stepping exercise
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method N-Back task change Baseline (week 0), mid-intervention (week 7 after session 12), post-intervention (week 13 after session 24) Number of correct responses (hits)
Static balance (single leg) change Baseline (week 0), post-intervention (week 13 after session 24) Duration required to perform single leg stance on left and right legs
Modified Card Sorting task change Baseline (week 0), mid-intervention (week 7 after session 12), post-intervention (week 13 after session 24) Total number of perseverative errors
Motor learning change Baseline (week 0), post-intervention (week 13 after session 24) Probabilistic Serial Reaction Time Task: learning index, computed using reaction time
Go-No-Go task change Baseline (week 0), mid-intervention (week 7 after session 12), post-intervention (week 13 after session 24) Error rate: Number of "Go" responses on "No-Go" trials.
Stroop task colour words and colour blocks Baseline (week 0), mid-intervention (week 7 after session 12), post-intervention (week 13 after session 24) Average response time (reaction time) for the correct colour word incongruent trials.
Trail Making Test ((TMT) change Baseline (week 0), mid-intervention (week 7 after session 12), post-intervention (week 13 after session 24) B:A: Divide the time taken for TMT B by TMT A
Digit Span task change Baseline (week 0), mid-intervention (week 7 after session 12), post-intervention (week 13 after session 24) Maximum accurate span length for Digit Span Forward Maximum accurate span length for Digit Span Reverse
Temporal gait parameters change Baseline (week 0), post-intervention (week 13 after session 24) 11-meter gait test to examine gait speed
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Change in grey matter volume Baseline (week 0), post-intervention (week 13 after session 24) T1 and T2 weighted images
Change in structural topography Baseline (week 0), post-intervention (week 13 after session 24) T1 and T2 weighted images
Change in functional connectivity Baseline (week 0), post-intervention (week 13 after session 24) Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging
Change in white matter integrity Baseline (week 0), post-intervention (week 13 after session 24) Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Change in cortical thickness Baseline (week 0), post-intervention (week 13 after session 24) T1 and T2 weighted images
Change in white matter connectivity Baseline (week 0), post-intervention (week 13 after session 24) Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Brain plasticity changes Baseline (week 0), post-intervention (week 13 after session 24) Changes in power spectral density and coherence recorded from electroencephalography (EEG)
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
Nanyang Technological University
🇸🇬Singapore, Singapore