Accuracy of the Red Reflex Test in the Pediatric Population
- Conditions
- Optic Nerve DiseasesRetinal HemorrhageAbnormal Vitreous Humor MorphologyAbnormal Choroid MorphologyRetinal Disease
- Interventions
- Diagnostic Test: Direct ophthalmoscope
- Registration Number
- NCT04125043
- Lead Sponsor
- Children's National Research Institute
- Brief Summary
This study is designed to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of the Red Reflex Test (RRT), with and without dilation, for early detection of ocular abnormalities in children and newborns. The RRT functions by shining a light from an ophthalmoscope into a participant's eye and noting the presence or absence of a red glow. Despite its use in pediatric clinics for years, this test at times fails to detect significant ocular diseases, especially located in the back of the eye, threatening visual development in this population. Therefore, the investigators aim to quantify the utility of this test as a tool for screening by comparing these findings on RRT with those of retinal photography.
The investigators hypothesize that the sensitivity and specificity of the RRT will be sufficient for detecting anterior segment pathology but will be insufficient for detecting posterior segment pathology with or without dilation.
- Detailed Description
Pediatric patients will be recruited through clinical practice at the designated study sites. Participants with known anterior segment or posterior segment pathology will be eligible for inclusion. Patients who have a history of disease, treatments and/or surgical procedures affecting the ability for normal pupillary reaction are excluded. An equal number of age matched participants with a normal anterior and posterior segment exam will be recruited from routine outpatient ophthalmology clinic appointments. Informed consent will be obtained and will include an option to be considered for medical photography. Participants may opt out of photography and still be included in the study. For Spanish speaking participants, an interpreter will be used for study recruitment and informed consent. A Spanish informed consent (developed by a Spanish medical translator from our English written consent) will be provided. Current estimated number of subjects required for the study is 200 total including 100 controls. Patient charts will be accessed from date of birth to patient's current age using either Cerner or Epic depending on the study site location. Examiners will include ophthalmology residents with one completed year of ophthalmology training. They will be blinded to participants' ophthalmologic history.
Pupil size will be recorded under ambient lighting conditions and the red reflex test (RRT) performed at 18 cm using a direct ophthalmoscope (Welch Allyn 11710 or similar). Each eye will then be inspected individually at 1 cm. Examiner description of the pupillary reflex in terms of color, brightness, and the presence or absence of potential anterior/posterior segment abnormality will be recorded using a standardized survey tool. The exam room lights will then be turned off and the pupils examined again with the direct ophthalmoscope according to the standard RRT procedure and results recorded.
Next, pharmacological dilation will be achieved according to standard practices. For all patients, one drop of proparacaine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution will be instilled in each eye to achieve anesthesia. For patients under 1 year old, one drop of Cyclomydril will then be instilled in each eye and followed second drop in each eye 5 minutes later. For children over 1 year of age, pharmacologic dilation will be achieved with 1 drop of Cyclopentolate 1% and 1 drop of Phenylephrine 2.5% in each eye. The RRT will be repeated by the same examiner, including the lights on and lights off portions of the exam, and the results recorded.
Subjects will be de-identified and results will be stored on a password protected Children's National Hospital computer and pertinent statistical analyses will be perform to asses our hypothesis. All statistical tests will be performed at the 5% level of significance unless otherwise stated.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 84
- Pediatric patients recruited in clinical practice with known anterior or posterior segment pathology as well as patients without anterior or posterior segment pathology
- Patients who have a history of disease, treatments and/or surgical procedures affecting the ability for normal pupillary reaction
Study & Design
- Study Type
- OBSERVATIONAL
- Study Design
- Not specified
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description RRT Group Direct ophthalmoscope Pediatric patients undergoing ocular screening tests
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Sensitivity and Specificity of RRT 1 year sensitivity and specificity of the RRT in detecting anterior segment pathology, as well as the sensitivity and specificity of the RRT in detecting posterior segment pathology
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Sensitivity and Specificity of RRT with Dilation 1 year the sensitivity and specificity of the RRT in detecting anterior segment or posterior segmented pathology following pharmacologic dilation
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
Children's National Medical Center
🇺🇸Washington, District of Columbia, United States