The Effect of Kinesio Taping and Breathing Exercises on Pain Management

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Postoperative Pain; Gas Bloat Syndrome; Defecation Disorders
• Interventions: Other: Kinesio Taping; Other: Breathing Exercise; Other: Kinesio Taping+Breathing Exercise; Other: Control Group

• Registration Number: NCT04412122
• Lead Sponsor: Çankırı Karatekin University

Brief Summary

A randomised clinical trial in a single centre.The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of kinesio taping and breathing exercises on pain management applied after benign gynecological abdominal operations. A total of 132 women, divided into 4 groups of 33 subjects each, were included.Women underwent gynecological abdominal operation were assigned to the groups randomly, depending on the application of two different methods of kinesio taping and breathing exercise.In randomization, a table of numbers was created, and an equal number of women were assigned to groups with four block patterns. Using kinesio taping and breathing exercise, 33 women were included in kinesio taping group (1st Group), 33 in breathing exercise group (2nd Group), and 33 in kinesio taping + breathing exercise group (3rd Group). No intervention was applied to the women in the control group (4th Group). Pain levels of women were evaluated with Visual Analog Scale (VAS) before and after administration of the interventions.

Detailed Description

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of kinesio taping and breathing exercises on pain management applied after benign gynecological abdominal operations.

Design-Setting: This was an experimental, randomized controlled trial. This study was conducted at the Gynecology Service of Oncology Training and Research Hospital.

Participants: A total of 132 women, divided into 4 groups of 33 subjects each, were included.

Methods: The sampling size was calculated with G\*Power Ver.3.1.9.2 computer software. A total of 132 women, 33 of whom were in kinesio taping group, 33 in breathing exercise group, 33 in kinesio taping + breathing exercise group, and 33 in the control group, who matched the sampling selection criteria, were included in the study. In randomization, a table of numbers was created, and an equal number of women were assigned to groups with four block patterns. Women underwent gynecological abdominal operation were assigned to the groups randomly, depending on the application of two different methods of kinesio taping and breathing exercise. No intervention was applied to the women in the control group.

The personal information form was filled for each individual, who agreed to participate in the study, before the procedure.

Outcome Measures Pain scores of the women in all groups before, and after the procedure were evaluated by the researcher independent from each other using Visual Analog Scale (VAS).

Basic Information
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Recruitment & Eligibility
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Study & Design
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Trial Locations

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2017-06-01
• Primary Completion: 2018-05-01
• Study Completion: 2018-06-01
• Status Verified: 2020-05
• Study First Submitted: 2020-05-25
• Study First Submitted QC: 2020-05-28
• Last Update Submitted: 2020-05-28
• Study First Posted: 2020-06-02
• Last Update Posted: 2020-06-02

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: Female
• Target Recruitment: 132

Inclusion Criteria

Not provided

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Exclusion Criteria

Not provided

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Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Kinesio Taping	Kinesio Taping	Kinesio taping is thought to remove the barriers that slow the healing process, activate neurological suppression and reduce pain (El-Refayea, El Nahasa \& Ghareebb, 2016; Kamali, Sinaei \& Taherkhan, 2018). Kinesio tape stimulates cutaneous mechanoreceptors. Mechanoreceptors decrease sympathetic nervous system activity and increase parasympathetic activity, which can improve intestinal control (Azam, 2017; Szczegielniak, Krajczy, Bogacz, Luniewski \& Sliwinski, 2007). Kinesio taping changes skin contours and accelerates blood flow. Increased blood flow brings more oxygen and nutrients to the area. This phenomenon contributes to the natural healing process (Kafa et al., 2015).
Breathing Exercise	Breathing Exercise	Breathing exercise is accepted as a key to relaxation or cooling down (El-Refayea et al., 2016). It is stated that breathing exercises reduce anxiety by preventing the transmission of pain messages to the spinal cord (Rejeh et al., 2013), reducing the catecholamine response (Rakel \& Herr, 2004) and muscle tension by distracting subjects (Kelle, Güzel \& Sakallı, 2016).
Kinesio Taping and Breathing Exercise	Kinesio Taping+Breathing Exercise	According to the application protocols, two applications were made together.
Control Group	Control Group	No intervention was performed to reduce pain in the control group.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Visual Analog Scale (VAS)	11 MONTHS	VAS, developed by Freyd, is a scale consisting of 100-millimeter lines and used in the assessment of pain (Yaray, Akesen, Ocakolu \& Aydınlı, 2011). For pain assessment using VAS, "no pain" on one end, "worst possible pain" is written on the other end of the scale and the individual shows or marks their current situation on the 100-millimeter line (Jensen, Chen, Brugger, 2003).
Discharge risk assessment form	11 MONTHS	Discharge risk assessment form in the study were developed by the researcher in line with the literature, and expert opinion was obtained (Gürşen, İnanoğlu, Kaya, Akbayrak \& Baltacı, 2016; Hadi \& Akbar Haind, 2011; Sahai Sharma, Yadav \& Bindal, 2015; Stanirowski, Wunk, Cendrowski \& Sawick, 2015). Discharge risk assessment form includes questions regarding the improvement of the incision site (infection, wound color, tenderness, bleeding, ecchymosis, edema) and the individual's self-perception of healing on the day of discharge.
Postoperative follow-up form	11 MONTHS	Postoperative follow-up form in the study were developed by the researcher in line with the literature, and expert opinion was obtained (Gürşen, İnanoğlu, Kaya, Akbayrak \& Baltacı, 2016; Hadi \& Akbar Haind, 2011; Sahai Sharma, Yadav \& Bindal, 2015; Stanirowski, Wunk, Cendrowski \& Sawick, 2015). The postoperative follow-up form contains questions regarding the planned interventions following surgery (pain scores before and after kinesio taping and/or breathing exercises) and the postoperative recovery process (oral intake, mobilization, gas-passing, defecation time).

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Çankırı Karatekin Univesity; 🇹🇷 Çankırı, Center, Turkey