Profile of Human Milk Oligosaccharides and FUT2 Polymorphism of Mothers in Indonesia

Completed

• Conditions: Breastfeeding, Exclusive

• Registration Number: NCT05156255
• Lead Sponsor: Indonesia University

Brief Summary

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), the third most abundant constituent of breastmilk, are known to have beneficial effects on infant immunity. Maternal genetic polymorphisms cause HMO variability. The FUT2 gene determines the secretor status, whereas the FUT3 gene is responsible for the expression of Lewis fucosyltransferase. Therefore, breastmilk can be classified to four groups according to the variation. To date, this variability has not been investigated in Indonesia. This study aims to evaluate the association between FUT2 gene polymorphism and 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) secretor phenotype. In addition, infant FUT2 gene polymorphism and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile from stool samples are also analysed.

Detailed Description

Eligible mother-infant pairs are explained about this study. Those willing to participate in this study are asked for written informed consent. Mothers are interviewed about their baseline characteristics, family pedigree, nutritional intake, and routine drug consumption. Infants are checked for their birth history. Both are measured for weight and height.

Four specimens are collected from the subjects:

1. Mother

1. Breastmilk

Breastmilk is expressed at 8-11 AM to avoid variability due to circadian rhythm. One breast is emptied, 30 mL of breastmilk is stored in a sterile container, and the rest is returned for feeding. Breastmilk is divided to five 2-mL cryovials and stored in a -80°C freezer. The remaining is stored in a -20°C freezer.

2. Blood

Blood samples (3 mL) are collected for DNA extraction.

2. Infant

1. Buccal cells

Buccal swab kits are used to obtain samples for DNA extraction.

2. Stool

Stool specimens are collected at the age of four weeks in a sterile container and stored in a -80°C storage before short chain fatty acid profile analysis.

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2021-12-01
• Study First Submitted: 2021-12-01
• Study First Submitted QC: 2021-12-01
• Study First Posted: 2021-12-14
• Primary Completion: 2022-07-31
• Study Completion: 2023-04-14
• Status Verified: 2023-09
• Last Update Submitted: 2023-09-26
• Last Update Posted: 2023-09-28

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 120

Inclusion Criteria

• Mother

  1. Minimum of 18 years old
  2. With term infants aged 2-5 weeks
  3. Exclusively breastfeed
  4. Healthy condition
  5. Agree to participate and sign the informed consent

• Infant

  1. Infant with mother who fulfil the eligibility criteria

Exclusion Criteria

• Mother

  1. Has a Caucasian ancestor in two generations above
  2. Infant has multiple congenital anomalies

• Infant

  1. Has ever received antibiotics

Study & Design

• Study Type: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Design: Not specified

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Association between rs601338 FUT2 secretor genotype and 2'-FL secretor phenotype in mothers	1 day	The association between rs601338 FUT2 genotype (homozygous dominant, heterozygous, homozygous recessive) and 2'-FL concentration will be analysed using ANOVA test.
Human milk oligosaccharides profile of Indonesian mothers	1 day	The concentration of 19 HMOs will be measured using high performance anion exhange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD).
Proportion of FUT2 secretor genotype of mothers based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs601338	1 day	Sequencing of coding sequence (exon 2) of FUT2 gene will be performed using a previously known outer primer from the study by Lefebvre, et al (2020). The results will be aligned with database from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov to find the proportion of rs601338 among mothers.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Profile of infant stool short chain fatty acid based on mother-infant FUT2 genotype pairs	1 day	The concentration of total short chain fatty acid, acetate, propionate, and butyrate in infant's stool will be measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Difference in the concentration between four mother-infant genotype pairs will be analysed using ANOVA test.
Novel FUT2 polymorphism in Indonesian mothers	1 day	The sequencing result of exon 2 in the FUT2 gene will be aligned with database from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov to find novel variants. Additional information regarding existing variants will be browsed using the same database. The allele frequency of new variants will be calculated to determine new SNP.
Novel FUT2 polymorphism in infant	1 day	The sequencing result of exon 2 FUT2 will be aligned with database from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov to find novel variants. Additional information regarding existing variants will be browsed using the same database. The allele frequency of new variants will be calculated to determine new SNP.
Proportion of FUT2 secretor genotype of infants based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs601338	1 day	Sequencing of coding sequence (exon 2) of FUT2 gene will be performed using a previously known outer primer from the study by Lefebvre, et al (2020). The results will be aligned with database from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov to find the proportion of rs601338 among infants.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia; 🇮🇩 Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia