Investigation of the Prevalence of Type D Personality and Stigma in Patients With Cervical Myofascial Pain Syndrome
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 54
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Type D Personality Scale
研究概览
简要总结
Cervical myofascial pain syndrome is a chronic musculoskeletal condition characterized by the presence of sensitive trigger points and taut muscle bands, resulting in localized or referred pain, muscle stiffness, and limited range of motion. The disorder frequently leads to functional limitations and a reduction in quality of life. Although the physical features of cervical myofascial pain syndrome have been well documented, its psychological and social dimensions have not been adequately explored. Personality traits and social factors may influence pain perception, coping mechanisms, and treatment adherence. Type D personality, also known as distressed personality, is defined by the coexistence of negative emotions and social inhibition and has been associated with worse outcomes in various chronic diseases. Stigma represents another psychosocial factor that may contribute to disability and emotional distress in chronic pain conditions.
This case-control study aims to investigate the prevalence of Type D personality traits and anticipated stigma among patients with cervical myofascial pain syndrome compared with healthy individuals. The study further explores the relationships between personality type, stigma, and clinical and psychological parameters, including anxiety, depression, disability, and health-related quality of life. Findings are expected to support a more comprehensive, biopsychosocial understanding of cervical myofascial pain syndrome and emphasize the importance of psychological screening and social support in clinical management.
详细描述
Cervical myofascial pain syndrome is a non-inflammatory pain disorder associated with painful trigger points in skeletal muscles of the neck and shoulder region. It is characterized by regional pain, restricted neck mobility, muscle tightness, fatigue, and autonomic symptoms such as increased sweating or dizziness. The condition is common among adults, particularly women, and often coexists with other chronic pain syndromes such as tension-type headache or fibromyalgia. Because there are no specific laboratory or imaging tests, diagnosis is based on detailed clinical examination and symptom evaluation. The persistence of pain can lead to emotional distress, sleep disturbance, and significant impairment in daily activities.
Personality and psychosocial factors are known to play important roles in chronic pain perception and coping. Type D personality, defined by the presence of both negative affectivity and social inhibition, has been shown to negatively influence health behaviors and quality of life in several chronic disorders. Individuals with this personality type tend to experience anxiety, irritability, and social withdrawal, which may exacerbate pain-related disability and emotional burden. Another relevant factor is stigma, which refers to social devaluation or exclusion based on illness. Patients with chronic pain may internalize stigma, leading to shame, reduced help-seeking behavior, and decreased treatment adherence. Despite its relevance, stigma has not been investigated in patients with cervical myofascial pain syndrome. This study seeks to fill that gap by assessing both Type D personality and anticipated stigma in this patient population.
Materials and Methods
This case-control study was conducted between July 2025 and October 2025 at the Departments of Neurology and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey. Ethical approval was obtained from the Bozok University Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Approval No: 2025-GOKAEK-2513_2025.07.02_505). All participants provided written informed consent before inclusion.
Participants
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Case Control
- 时间视角
- Cross Sectional
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 65 Years（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Adults aged 18 to 65 years.
- •Patients diagnosed with cervical myofascial pain syndrome according to Travell and Simons criteria:
- •localized pain at rest,
- •referred pain or altered sensation in the typical referral zone of a trigger point,
- •a palpable taut band containing a hypersensitive tender spot, and
- •restricted range of motion of the affected muscle.
- •Duration of symptoms for at least six months.
- •Outpatients followed in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.
- •Voluntary participation and provision of written informed consent.
- •Healthy control participants matched by age, sex, and education, without musculoskeletal or systemic diseases.
排除标准
- •History of cervical disc herniation, radiculopathy, or myelopathy.
- •Presence of systemic or rheumatologic diseases.
- •Current psychiatric or neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, dementia, epilepsy, autism, or intellectual disability.
- •Use of psychotropic medication or ongoing psychiatric treatment.
- •History of major surgery or trauma involving the cervical region.
- •Pregnancy or lactation.
- •Inability to complete questionnaires due to cognitive or language barriers.
- •Refusal or withdrawal of informed consent.
结局指标
主要结局
Type D Personality Scale
时间窗: At baseline
The Type D Personality Scale is a 14-item self-report instrument assessing two stable personality traits: negative affectivity and social inhibition. Each item is rated on a five-point scale ranging from 0 (false) to 4 (true). Subscale scores range from 0 to 28. Individuals scoring 10 or higher on both subscales are classified as having Type D personality. A validated Turkish version of the scale is available
Chronic Illness Anticipated Stigma Scale
时间窗: At baseline
The Chronic Illness Anticipated Stigma Scale is a 12-item questionnaire measuring anticipated stigma across three domains: family and friends, work environment, and healthcare providers. Each item is rated on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (very unlikely) to 5 (very likely). Subscale scores range from 4 to 20, and total scores range from 12 to 60, with higher scores indicating greater perceived stigma. A validated Turkish version of the scale is available.
次要结局
- Headache Impact Test(At baseline)
- Neck Disability Index(At baseline)
- Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(At baseline)
- Short Form 36 Health Survey(At baseline)
研究者
Gulseren Demir Karakilic
Assistant Professor, Principal Investigator
Bozok University